Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) had been analysed in many kind of tumours, but its role of predict the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients' prognosis was not reach a consensus. Relationship between NLR, PLR and ESCC located in the middle or lower segment was evaluated. 317 patients with ESCC who underwent attempted curative oesophagectomy were analysed in this study. 157 and 98 patients had elevated NLR and PLR respectively (NLR >3.3 and PLR >150). The median overall survival time (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 34.1 and 19.2 months respectively. Multivariate analysis found PLR >150 (P = 0.018, HR 1.426, 95%CI 1.063-1.912) accompanied by male, lymphatic metastases, tumour size more than 3 cm, tumour located at middle segment and poor differentiation were associated with significantly worse DFS. Meanwhile, gender, lymphatic metastases, tumour location and differentiation along with PLR >150 (P = 0.003, HR 1.595, 95% CI 1.172-2.170) and NLR>3.3 (P = 0.039, HR 1.367, 95% CI 1.015-1.840) were all independent prognostic factors for OS. Preoperative NLR and PLR might be used as predictive factors in patients with ESCC. For DFS, elevated PLR compared to NLR may have an advantage to indicate poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT. Metastatic tumors in the paranasal sinuses are very rare. The origin of metastatic tumors in the paranasal sinuses is often renal cancer. Renal cell carcinomas are known for their tendency for early metastasis, and symptoms due to the metastatic lesion may be the only initial manifestation. In this paper, we deal with the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with a mass in the left maxillary region. The presence of a primary renal cell carcinoma was recognized only after surgical removal of the metastatic tumor. The presentation, diagnosis and treatment of this tumor are discussed with a review of the literature.
In the current study, twenty lambs, aged 4 months, half male and half female, were classified into four groups, with five in each group. The experimental three groups of lambs were given intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations of recombinant ovine interferon-τ (roIFN-τ). The fourth group (normal control) of lambs was given normal saline injections in the same way. After administrations, blood samples were collected from the tested animals at different time points post injection, and the serum titers of roIFN-τ were measured using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition bioassay. The results of calculating pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters using DAS software showed that the PK characteristics of roIFN-τ through IV injection conformed to the two-compartment open model, whose half-life of distribution phases (T 1/2α ) was 0.33±0.034 h and the elimination half-life(T 1/2β ) was 5.01±0.24 h. However, the PK features of IM injection and SC injection of roIFN-τ conformed to the one compartment open model, whose T max were 3.11±0.26 h and 4.83±0.43 h, respectively, together with an elimination half life(T 1/2β ) of 9.11±0.76 h and 7. 43±0.58 h, and an absorption half-life (T 1/2k(a) ) of 1.13±0.31 h and 1.85±0.40 h, respectively. The bioavailability of roIFN-τ after IM administration reaches 73.57%, which is greater than that of SC administration (53.43%). These results indicate that the drug administration effect can be preferably obtained following a single dose IM administration of the roIFN-τ aqueous preparation. This study will facilitate the clinical application of roIFN-τ as a potential antiviral agent in future work.
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