Recent results of the searches for Supersymmetry in final states with one or two leptons at CMS are presented. Many Supersymmetry scenarios, including the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), predict a substantial amount of events containing leptons, while the largest fraction of Standard Model background events -which are QCD interactions -gets strongly reduced by requiring isolated leptons. The analyzed data was taken in 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately L = 1 fb −1 . The center-of-mass energy of the pp collisions was √ s = 7 TeV.

Magnetic turbulence is directly observed internally in the pedestal of ELMy H-mode tokamak plasmas using a newly developed Faraday-effect polarimetry measurement. Fluctuation amplitude is δbr≥15 G (150–500 kHz), with a ratio of magnetic to density fluctuation |δbr/B|/|δn/n|≥0.15. Magnetic turbulence is identified as resulting from micro-tearing-instability and mode growth accompanied by degraded plasma confinement is observed.

Internal magnetic fluctuation measurements are utilized to identify turbulence associated with micro-tearing modes (MTM) in the DIII-D Edge-Localized-Mode (ELM)-y H-mode pedestal. Using a Faraday-effect polarimeter, magnetic turbulence (150–500 kHz) is directly observed with a typical line-averaged fluctuation amplitude of ∼0.8 G at peak frequency (250 kHz) and ∼15 G integrated over the spectrum from 150 to 500 kHz. Frequency, poloidal wavenumber, and propagation direction of the magnetic turbulence all serve to identify as MTM. Magnetic turbulence amplitude non-monotonically correlates with collision frequency, peaks off mid-plane, and correlates with electron temperature gradient evolution between ELMs, consistent with MTM features identified from theory and gyro-kinetic simulation. The magnetic turbulence growth correlates with confinement degradation in ELMy H-mode plasmas during a slow density ramp. These internal measurements provide unique constraints toward developing physics understanding and validating models of the H-mode pedestal for future devices.

New experiments have been conducted at DIII-D to improve the physics understanding of plasma initiation assisted by Electron Cyclotron (EC) wave injection, allowing better extrapolation to ITER. This has been achieved by applying an EC pulse prior to start of the inductive plasma initiation (i.e. the generation of a loop voltage). A pre-plasma was formed during the EC pulse that was characterized in terms of the maximum density and temperature. Parametric scans were performed to study the influence of the EC injected power, EC injection angle, and pre-fill gas pressure on the pre-plasma creation process. These experiments showed that pre-ionized plasma of good quality can have a significant effect on the subsequent Vloop induced plasma initiation process, i.e. a high density pre-plasma, increases the plasma current rise and speed at which ionization is achieved when the Vloop is applied. A good quality pre-plasma is one that achieved a significant degree of ionization, mainly obtained by providing sufficient ECH power in DIII-D of the order of 1 MW. It was found that a minimum EC power of 0.5 MW was required in DIII-D to create ionization, and this would scale to a minimum power of roughly 6.5 MW for ITER.

Previous studies have described the structure of purified cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) and that of polyhedrin protein. However, how polyhedrin molecules embed CPV particles inside infectious polyhedra is not known. By using electron tomography, we show that CPV particles are occluded within the polyhedrin crystalline lattice with a random spatial distribution and interact with the polyhedrin protein through the A-spike rather than as previously thought through the B-spike. Furthermore, both full (with RNA) and empty (no RNA) capsids were found inside polyhedra, suggesting a spontaneous RNA encapsidating process for CPV assembly in vivo.Viruses in the Cypovirus genus of the Reoviridae, such as cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), are distinct architecturally in having only a single protein shell (reviewed in references 12 and 20). This is in stark contrast to viruses of all other genera of the Reoviridae, which have one or two additional shells surrounding a CPV-like inner core. Although its infection of silkworms causes a negative impact on the Asian economy, CPV is better recognized for its polyhedrin-binding property, which has tremendous potential as a nano-delivery tool and for its promise as an environmentally friendly pesticide for fruit and vegetable farming (11).In extracellular space, CPV particles are embedded inside a crystalline protein occlusion body, called the polyhedron (3, 11), which serves as an outer protective layer during viral spread across different hosts. The stability of the polyhedron in the environment and its sensitivity to the high pH of the insect midgut allows CPV to establish efficient infection through oral routes. In particular, the pH-sensitive release of embedded particles has great potential for drug delivery applications (2).Past studies have described the three-dimensional (3D) structures of both the polyhedron protein (2) and the isolated CPV virion (1,6,(16)(17)(18)(19)21) based on X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM), respectively. However, a 3D description documenting the packing pattern of CPV virions inside the polyhedron is lacking.In this study, we used electron tomography to resolve the packing of CPV within the polyhedron, as well as the interactions between the CPV capsid and the polyhedrin protein lattice. Our electron tomograms of stained sections of polyhedra revealed that the lattice of the polyhedron matches the polyhedrin arrangements shown by X-ray crystallography (2), thus validating our approach for resolution of molecular interactions. Our data suggest that, inside the polyhedron, CPV particles attach to the polyhedrin protein lattice via the Aspike of the capsid, not through the turret protein (TP; also known as the B-spike) as previously thought. In addition to full CPV capsids, empty CPV capsids containing no RNA material, as well as partially filled capsids, were found occluded in the polyhedra, supporting their physiological relevance in CPV assembly and spread.Polyhedron occlusion bodies are about 5 m in size, which ...