The present work is the result of my studies during the last four years. During this time, I have had the support of several institutions, colleagues, and friends to whom I would like to say thank you.First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Ph.D. Marcelo Bianchi, for all the support, guidance, patience, constant encouragement, and friendship during all my Ph.D. Thank you for being the warm and critical person who I needed in the crucial moments, encouraging me to give my best. I also want to thank Professor Marcelo Assumpção for all his recommendations in the development of this work.To the members of the Brazilian Seismographic Network (RSBR) for the data provided and used in this work. A special thanks to the Seismology group of the University of São Paulo and the "3-Basins Project" team, who are in charge of the installation of the BL and XC subnets stations; and quality control of the data.To the San Calixto Observatory (OSC) and the Geophysics Institute of Peru (IGP), especially to their executive directors Gonzalo Fernández and Hernando Tavera respectively, for the data provided from the Bolivian and Peruvian stations, which have been processed in this work.To the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Science, and all its staff, for the opportunity to realize my Ph.D. in its facilities as well as for the experience to develop an international internship in France. I thank Ph.D. Yvonne Font who I worked with the final part of this work, in the Geoázur Laboratory in Valbonne-France. Thanks to Hans Agurto-Detzel who introduced me to Yvonne and for all his support when I was in France.To CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP for the financial support to develop this research.A special thank to the most important person in my life, my Mom, for the constant encouragement and presence despite the distance, for teaching me not to surrender despite the circumstances. Thanks Mom for all your support and love.To all my IAG colleagues for the good moments shared, especially the coffee afternoons and barbecues. A special thanks to the Seismology group for all the support during these years, specially to
The Central Andes of southern Bolivia is a highly seismic region with many active faults, that could generate earthquakes up to 8.9 Mw. In 2013, an earthquake of 5.2 Mw occurred in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, in the sub-Andean belt, close to the Mandeyapecua fault, one of the most important reverse faults in Bolivia. Five larger aftershocks were reported by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and 33 smaller aftershocks were recorded by the San Calixto Observatory (OSC) in the two months after the mainshock.Distances between epicenters of the aftershocks and the mainshock were up to 36 km, which is larger than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude. Using data from South American regional stations and the relative location technique with Rayleigh waves, the epicenters of the five larger aftershocks of the Santa Cruz series were determined in relation to the mainshock. This method enabled to achieve epicentral locations with uncertainties smaller than one km. Additionally, using data of three Bolivian stations (MOC, SIV and LPAZ) eight smaller aftershocks, recorded by the OSC, were relocated through correlation of P and S waves. The results show a NNW-SSE trend of epicenters and suggest an E dipping plane. The maximum distance between the aftershocks is 14 km, that is not consistent with the expected subsurface rupture length, in accordance with the magnitude of the mainshock. The events are located away from the Mandeyapecua fault and show an opposite dip, demonstrating that these events were generated by another fault in the area, that had not been well studied yet.
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