Observations on Aphis craccivora Koch at Serere, Uganda, in 1964–68 showed that dry season carry-over of aphids could occur on the common weeds Euphorbia hirta and E. prostrata; at other times aphids were seen on Gliricidia sepium, Cassia tora, Centrosema pubescens and Macroptilium atropurpureum, the last two being increasingly used as pasture legumes. In pot tests, attempts to transfer the virus through G. sepium, Cassia tora, Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema pubescens were unsuccessful. Volunteer groundnuts growing in open situations were an important source of virus and vector. Field studies on menazon-sprayed and unsprayed plants closely or widely spaced showed that aphid numbers increased rapidly on the groundnut crop 31–45 days from emergence but declined rapidly as the plants matured. Superficially the plants appeared to be free of aphids but large populations were often found on hypanthia, flowers and gynophores. Coccinellids, especially Cheilomenes sulphurea (Ol), were important predators. Aphid numbers were far higher on groundnuts with low plant densities, possibly because the number of favoured feeding sites is increased, but the number of plants infested was not significantly different at high and low densities. Yellow panels had little effect on aphid numbers. Spraying with menazon (294 g active ingredient/ha, 5 times) prevented breeding by incoming alates.
Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) abdominal tip extracts were examined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with simultaneous electroantennographic (EAG) recording from the male moth. Two olfactory stimulants were detected and identified as (Z)-ll-hexadecenal (I) and (Z)-I 1-hexadecen-l-ol (II) by their GLC behavior, microchemical reactions, and comparison with synthetic materials. Both compounds were detected in volatiles emitted by the "calling" female moth. Synthetic (Z)-9-tetradecenyl formate, a structural analog of aldehyde (I), also elicited a significant EAG response from the male moth. Field trials carried out in India using synthetic (I) and (II) as bait in water traps showed that compound (I) was highly attractive to male C. partellus; compound (II) was not attractive, and its addition to (I) significantly reduced trap catches.
Intmat~ond Crop Reuuch lnsulute lor the Semi-Arid Tropn (ICRISAT) Patancheru. PO.. 542 324 A P. India A*mct-Thu p a w d m b n the results ofeatennve runng of shoolHy s p c~n of the genera 4rher1-OM and 4cr1rorhana from cult~valcd and w~ld Grrnuneae ln Andhra Pradnh. lnd~a N~nctun lly specla werc recorded from 41 gramlnrcmw s p c l n ~nclud~ng cult~vated sorghum 4rhrngena nxcors an Important pest of sorghums in the Old World troptcl. w u reared from ! ? host plants Only culuvated and wtld spma of wrghum were Imponant u hosts of tha pest spates It was observed that altemat~ve host Gramlneu were of nunor Importance In the 'carryover' of lrhrrtyonu wco~n through the o U~u o n but the trr~gated sorghum grown for fodder wuld be an lmportanl wurce of Hm In general. shootlltn 01 a pnneuiar spcc~n usually favored one gram~narcuu host r b t e others The numer~ully dom~nnnt fly reared from wlld Grnm~neu was Alhrr~yonafdl~rlo. wh~rh u n recorded on 17 hosts. lncludtng wrgnum Other common spcoa In Gram~neae were 4rhrr1yonu pullo 41hrr1yona or):ar. Arhsr~qo~ puncrorn and Arhmgona orr~palp~s, all of wh~ch werc also reared In verv low numbers from sorghum F~vc new spntn of 4thrngona werc reared thru of thnc w~l l h dn~r~bcd bhorrly
Insect pests were collected from cultivated and wild plant species to study their parasites in Andhra Pradesh, India. Besides insects, nematodes emerged as parasites. While Hexamermis spp. were common in most lepidoptera, Ooomermis albicans (Siebold) was recovered from Heliolhis spp. The nematodes were active, even more than insect parasites, during early monsoon. They were more active on light-soils than on heavy-soils. Against Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in particular, their incidence was more on "low-growing" crops like Arachis hypogaea (L.), and Lycopersiron esculentum (L.), and weeds. The nematode Pentatomimennis sp. was recorded from the bug Nezara viridula L.
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