Klimes J., P. Jagos, J. Bouda, S. Gajdusek: Basic Qualitative Parameters of Cow Colostrum and their Dependence on Season and Post ParIum Time. Acta vet. Hrno, 55,1986: 23-39.Under conditions of large scale' dairy unit for 2144 cows 19 physicochemical and biochemical parameters of cow colostrum and the influence of season and time after parturition on these parameters have been studied. Average samples of colostrum from the first milking, on the 3rd and 5th day post parturition were collected from cows -cross-breds of Bohemian Pied x Black Pied Lowland breeds. In summer (June) and winter (February) season colostrum of 13 and 24 cows, resp. was examined.In most parameters the highest values were found in colostrum from the first milking, the most pronounced decrease being observed for the first three days after parturition. Only the pH and lactose values were found to be lowest in colostrum from the first milking. The fat content, rennet coagulation time of colostrum and potassium concentration varied without a marked dependence upon the time elapsed after parturition. In summer season, significantly higher values of vitamin A, buffer capacity and dry matter were ob'served in at least two out of three investigated milkings; in winter, significantly higher phosphorus levels were found.• Approximately 1000 times higher GMT activity when compared with that in cow blood plasma was demonstrated in colostral whey.Higher titratable acidity, higher levels of protein, gamma globulins, sodium, GMT activity and lower lactose concentration were determined in colostrum samples from the first milking with a concentration of total protein in whey over 120 gil, when compared with colostrum with a decreased total protein content in whey.The determination of total protein concentration in colostral whey from the first milking could be regarded as a decisive criterion of the evaluation of colostrum quality. On the basis of colostrum quality the level of nutrition, maintenance, and health condition of mother in the last gravidity trimester may be assessed together with other factors which will influence further development of the calves.

Bouda J., P. Jagos, R. Dvorak, J. Ondrova: Vitamin E and C in the Blood Plasma of Cows and their Calves Fedfrom Buckets. Acta vet. Brno, 49,1980: 53-58.The vitamin E and C levels were studied in the blood plasma and colostrum of 40 cows and in the blood plasma of their calves until the age of 3 months. The assays were made in winter. The vitamin E levels prior to and after parturition did not show appreciable differences while the vitamin C levels prior to parturition were significantly lower. The vitamin E concentration in the first milk surpassed ca. 2.5 times that found in the plasma of the dams.In the newborn calves ca. 5 times lower vitamin E plasma content was estimated than in their mothers. This amount increased gradually with ageing of the calves from the original 114 ,ug/l00 ml prior to feeding colostrum up to 250 ,ug/l00 ml at the age of 3 months. The vitamin E levels of the 3-month old calves did not reach half the values found in their mothers. The vitamin E protects the vitamin A from oxidation and it contributes to formation of antibodies. Therefore it seems reasonable to enrich the food (milk) for calves in the first days of life.Highest vitamin C level in the blood plasma of calves was found in the first days after birth. Low vitamin C levels were then determined in the 6-week old and 3-month old calves, i. e. in the period of high incidence of the respiratory syndrome.

Red deer, venous blood, biochemical values, haematology, high altitudeIn recent years red deer has been farmed in Mexico. Some biochemical and haematological analytes have been described in this species, however, their values depend mainly on nutrition, management and environmental conditions. Biochemical and haematological values are important for monitoring of health status and diagnosis of diseases. Great differences were described in values of plasma analytes, especially in concentrations of Na + and K + in red deer ( W ilson and Pauli 1983;Knox et al. 1988;Hargreaves and Matthews 1995).The objective of this study was to determine biochemical and haematological values in venous blood of farm red deer in central Mexico at the altitude of 2 450 m. Materials and MethodsBlood biochemical values were determined in 30 red deer (Cervus elaphus) (15 males, 15 females) and haematological values in 60 animals (30 males and 30 females) aged 5 months, average body mass 53.9 kg without clinical signs of disease. The animals were kept on pasture in the Valley of central Mexico at the altitude of 2 450 m. The climate was moderate, rainy during summer, with average temperature between 5 and 14 °C. The pasture was composed of rye grass, orchard, kikuyo, white clover and alfalfa. Daily calculated dry matter consume was 2.06 kg per animal. During sampling the animals without sedation were gently restrained in standing position, in a small pen, with covered eyes and plugged ears.Samples of blood were taken from jugular vein into plain tubes for biochemical analyses, into tubes containing EDTA k3 for haematological analyses and in syringes previously coated with 2 per cent heparin Na for determination of acid-base values. The air bubbles were expelled from the syringe immediately after blood collection and then the needle was inserted into a rubber stopper to prevent exposure of sample to air. The sealed syringes after collection were immersed in a mixture of ice and water.

Bouda ]., P. Jagos: Biochemical and Hematological Re/erence Values in Calves and Their Significance/or Health Control. Acta vet. Brno, 53,1984: 137-142. Clinical and biochemical examination of 114 calves from birth to the age of 6 months was carried out. Blood samples were taken from v. jugularis prior to the first colostrum intake and after 1,4,7,21,42,60,90 and 180 days. From the total number of 114 followed calves reference biochemical and hematological values were obtained from the group of 53 healthy calves.In dependence on calf age reference values of total protein including fractions and immunoglobulins in blood serum and levels of vitamin A, E and C, carotenes, glucose, urea, enzyme activities (AST, GMT), minerals (Na, K, Mg, inorg. P, Zn, Cu, Fe) in blood plasma were determined. In calf blood acid-base values (pH, pCO" BE, SB), hematocrit, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were determined. Hypogammaglobulinaemia, hypovitaminoses A and E were found in 50-75 % of calves. Among the most significant biochemical data from the diagnostic point of view, the determination of Ig and vitamin levels, acid-base balance of blood, plasma levels of glucose, urea, some minerals and AST activity are included.The selection of clinico-biochemical parameters of calves has to be purposeful. During the examination and diagnosis of metabolic disorders the development of immunological proceses, the lability of homeostasis, the functional and organ immaturity and the dynamics in relation to calf age have to be taken into consideration.

Bouda J., V. Dvorak, E. Minksova, R. Dvorak: The Activities of GOT, Gamma-GT, Alkaline Phosphatase in Blood Plasma of Cows and Their Calves Fed from Buckets. Acta vet. Brno, 49, 1980: 193-198.The activities of GOT, gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase CAP) were followed in blood plasma of 40 late pregnant cows and their calves until the age of three months. The mean value of GOT activities in pre-partum cows was found to be lower than in post-partum ones, whereas in the case of AP this was reversed. No significant differences were observed in gamma-GT activities in pre-and post-partum cows but in both groups the activities were increased in more than 30 % of animals.The average values of GOT activities in calves did not exceed 30 Ujl, only at the age of two months the activities were found to be raised over 46 Ujl. The gamma-GT activities in calves aged up to two months were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those found in their dams. 24 hours after the first colostrum intake the gamma-GT activity increased 16 times compared with that before the colostrum intake. The highest mean AP activity in calves appeared 24 hours past the colostrum intake although at the age of three months it was still two times higher than in their dams.The activities of plasmatic enzymes were determined in dependence on calf age which can be applied as reference values in diagnostics of some diseases.