Current vision science adaptive optics systems use near infrared wavefront sensor ‘beacons’ that appear as red spots in the visual field. Colored fixation targets are known to influence the perceived color of macroscopic visual stimuli(Jameson, D. and Hurvich, L. M., 1967. Fixation-light bias: an unwanted by-product of fixation control. Vis. Res. 7, 805 – 809.), suggesting that the wavefront sensor beacon may also influence perceived color for stimuli displayed with adaptive optics. Despite its importance for proper interpretation of adaptive optics experiments on the fine scale interaction of the retinal mosaic and spatial and color vision, this potential bias has not yet been quantified or addressed. Here we measure the impact of the wavefront sensor beacon on color appearance for dim, monochromatic point sources in 5 subjects. The presence of the beacon altered color reports both when used as a fixation target as well as when displaced in the visual field with a chromatically neutral fixation target. This influence must be taken into account when interpreting previous experiments and new methods of adaptive correction should be used in future experiments using adaptive optics to study color.

Finite element (FE) method simulations are increasingly used for the development in the area of vehicle safety nowadays. Highly detailed virtual mechanical and human body models (HBMs) available for use in connection with the increase of the processors performance and algorithms efficiency, give engineers the opportunity to simulate not only the car crash event itself but also a so-called pre-crash phase. This is important for the design and improvement of steering-assist and autonomous driving systems, through the assessment of active occupant behaviour during the impact avoidance or any other complex driving manoeuvres. To enable adequate evaluation of such simulations, virtual Active Human Body Models (AHBMs) should be established, capable to not only reproduce reflex human reactions but also for simulations of human movements. This study investigates the applicability of a forward dynamics movement generation algorithm for the FE HBMs, presents first results and outlines questions, need to be solved in future to do such simulations in a robust and time effective way.