The influence of aggressive and violent media on children and adolescents has been a topic of concern for several decades. Research on this topic has suggested that both short term and long term exposure to aggressive/violent media can negatively impact this population. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss relevant research on the topic and examine various factors that may impact the risk of being influenced by this type of media. These factors can include time spent viewing media, content of the media viewed, gender, age, psychological characteristics, family, and peers. Various theoretical approaches to explaining the influence of violent media are also examined, as well as directions for future research.
Abstracts of Papers pH Changes in Children with Burns. F. Harris and J. Black. (Department of Child Health, University of Sheffield). As part of a study in depth of metabolic changes in burned children, serial acid-base studies were done. In order to evaluate the findings further, a group of children admitted for elective minor surgery had as part of the pre-operative assessment, an analysis of the acid-base status. A small number had serial post-operative analyses done. The results in patients with burns of varying severity were presented and compared with the data obtained from children undergoing minor elective surgery. The clinical significance of these findings was discussed.Observations on Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Generalized Lipodystrophy. M. Segall and J. Lloyd (Institute of Child Health, London). Investigations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism were made on a 10-month-old girl with generalized lipodystrophy; her parents were second cousins and her appearance was abnormal from birth. Subcutaneous tissue obtained by open biopsy showed no macroscopical fat; histologically a few isolated areas of adipose tissue were seen and the cells contained little lipid. Analysis of lipid extracted from the tissue showed a greatly reduced triglyceride content (0 4% wet weight), with a low percentage of linoleic acid (3 0% of total fatty acids).Fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were normal (0-52-1-15 mEq/l.); the percentage of linoleic acid was reduced (2 3-4* 6%). After subcutaneous adrenaline (0 01 mg./kg.) plasma NEFA concentrations showed only a transient increase. After oral glucose (2 g./kg.) the plasma glucose and insulin levels rose but the normal reduction in plasma NEFA did not occur; the glucose tolerance curve showed no diabetic features. Fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations were variable (82-648 mg./100 ml.) but were usually raised, and paper electrophoresis showed a prominent pre-p-lipoprotein fraction. Triglyceride fatty acids showed an increased percentage of palmitic acid (41-5-46-7%) and reduced percentages of oleic acid (35*1-41.3%) and linoleic acid (0 8-3 4%). After oral glucose there was an increase in plasma triglyceride from 84 mg./100 ml. to 146 mg./ 100 ml.; this is an abnormal response. An oral fat load test (2 * 2 g./kg.) showed delayed clearing of plasma triglyceride, and the post-heparin lipolytic activity was very low (0* 08 HEq fatty acid/ml. plasma per min.). Fasting plasma triglyceride and pre-f-lipoprotein were reduced by a low fat diet. These findings show that fasting plasma NEFA is maintained at normal concentrations despite the gross depletions of adipose tissue; however, the regulation of plasma NEFA by glucose and insulin appears abnormal. The hypertriglyceridaemia results mainly from a defect in peripheral triglyceride clearance.Nephrotoxic Effect of Vitamin D Therapy in Vitamin D-Refractory Rickets. M. Moncrieff (Introduced by R. H. R. White).
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