Committee (GHIC) is an inter-academic committee of faculty and students. It is the premier point of engagement on global health issues. The GHIC is building a student-to-student social media campaign to provide educational messages to students in the diaspora and the countries affected by Ebola. Students manage the social media network with faculty oversight. The network collaborates with key stakeholder organizations to identify and propagate important public health information. Program Period: From crises through recovery phases of the Ebola epidemic. Why: The program looks to capitalize on the social media capabilities of students as a methodology to disseminate key information and form support groups locally and globally. Aim: To disseminate information regarding Ebola from crises to recovery phase in readily understood messages, in the appropriate language or signage, at the appropriate educational level, both locally and globally. Structure/Method/Design: Desired Outcomes: To inform students in effected areas about Ebola and to inform and support them through recovery Participants: An inter-professional team of Jefferson students and faculty volunteered to develop the outreach and social media campaign. Hesperian Foundation, famous for health resources such as Where there is No Doctor, is assisting in creating the messages. We are collaborating with nonprofit and faith-based organizations and ambassadors from Sierra Leone and Guinea. Sustainability: The plan is to address each phase of the emergency from crisis to recovery with appropriately targeted messages.Outcomes & Evaluation: To date: The GHIC coordinated a symposium with key stakeholders, including ambassadors from three West African countries, that was broadcast to universities in West Africa. The GHIC developed an inter-professional team of student volunteers and faculty advisors who identified key stakeholders at nonprofit and faithbased organizations both in the diaspora and effected countries to help build the social media campaign. The GHIC continues to act as a liaison with key embassies in effected countries and has begun collaborating with the Hesperian Foundation to help craft messages that can be translated and/or disseminated in a myriad of languages through a variety of social media. M & E: The GHIC will monitor the number of messages and the number of times each message is propagated as an indicator of success. Going Forward: Ongoing challenges? Maintaining a constant stream of effective educational messages using pragmatic social media venues in a multitude of languages from crisis to recovery phases with a student volunteer team that will change with the semesters. Unmet goals? Future program activities change? Future program activities will change as the current Ebola crises moves to recovery.
All study participants provided informed consent. Findings: A total of 1,338 samples collected from 574 TB patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 435 (75.8%) patients had at least one MTB positive culture. Among HIV-infected patients 197/ 278 (70.9%) were culture positive, whereas among HIV-uninfected patients 156/186 (83.9%) were culture positive (p < 0.01). The median time between diagnosis and initiation of culture was four days (interquartile rage 2-6). Among mucopurulent and salivary (clear, mucoid, bloodstained or salivary) samples, 554/738 (75.1%) and 336/548 (61.3%) were culture positive, respectively (p < 0.01). In patients who underwent sputum induction via respiratory methods or gastric aspiration 89/193 (46.1%) were culture positive, while 438/ 596 (73.5%) who voluntarily expectorated sputum were culture positive (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, HIV-infection (OR¼0.53 95% CI ¼ 0.32 e 0.88), age (21-30 years vs. Interpretation: We found that age 21-30 years, HIV-infection, and sputum collection method are factors that must be taken into consideration in studies using MTB isolation. Improved methods of MTB culture detection are necessary for HIV co-infected populations and others with low levels of bacilli in the sputum.
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