This study revealed (a) the extremely narrow thermal range within which dormancy problems (either through expression or induction of dormancy) may not be encountered; and (b) the high sensitivity displayed by these seeds to water shortage. In addition, this work is the first one in which temperature effects on dormancy expression could be discriminated from those on dormancy induction using a hydrotime analysis.
The study starts by providing a review of what clients and competitors in the international market are for agricultural commodities such as: oleaginous, avocado, natural rubber and cocoa. Also presents, the incidence of the river transportation in the success of a multimodal transportation model, leading to an increase in logistics competitiveness of a region, by presenting the analysis of the case of Colombia, South of the Bolivar State, recommending the establishment of a Logistics Platform, as a river port, to perform cargo consolidation and deconsolidation, connecting different transportation modes (river and road) to directly improve logistical performance in the supply chains for the different regions and agricultural sectors. Finally, a brief of the value added products is also presented to offer a larger opportunity portfolio to the potential investors.
Maize represents a staple food crop and is the second most important agricultural commodity globally. Considering the important role of maize for food security, the long-term conservation of valuable germplasm is critical to ensure that high levels of genetic diversity are available for breeding superior cultivars to face future challenges. Cryopreservation is regarded as the most appropriate tool for long-term germplasm preservation and has been investigated in different crops. This short communication adds to the existing knowledge on maize cryopreservation by describing histological changes observed in maize seeds and young germinating embryos after liquid nitrogen (LN) exposure. Plants were examined immediately after recovery from LN (day zero) and following 3 days of germination. At day 3, seeds exposed to LN showed lower germination rates than non-cryostored seeds, i.e., 60.7% vs. 83.3%. Histological evaluation at day 3 revealed that the thickness of the conical endosperm and the scutellum did not show any statistically significant differences between control and cryopreserved seeds. In contrast, for the other histological evaluations made, mostly regarding the thickness of mesocarp, mealy endosperm, plumule, radicle and the epidermis, significant differences were observed between control and cryostored seeds with the former consistently displaying higher average values than the latter.
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