The carbonate ions are present in the ground water of the Nile Delta region in very small amounts (0–96 ppm). These ions decrease or may be absent in the northern parts of the Delta. The bicarbonate contents range between 0 and 738 ppm, depending on the amount of CO2 in water and following nearly the same trend as that of the carbonates. The pH values range between 5.5 and 8.5, where the increase of salinity content in the northern and western parts leads to its reduction, and the reverse happens towards the southern and eastern directions where the salinity decreases.
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