Irrigation has helped in increasing food production and achieving food security in India. However, climate change is expected to affect the crop production in irrigated area particularly in groundwater irrigated areas. This study was undertaken for suggesting strategies to climate change impact on irrigated crops based on projected change in crop water requirement and groundwater availability for irrigation in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Prevailing groundwater recharge in the study area during monsoon was 4.01 MCM (Million cubic meter). The same for various scenarios varied from -15.47 MCM to 5.08 MCM. It was revealed that groundwater recharge would increase if it is estimated based on the climate prediction done using local weather data. The impact of climate change on groundwater availability is evident in scenarios based on INCCA and IPCC predictions where it varied from -2.66 MCM to 1.02 MCM. Contrary to common perceptions, crop water requirement of prevailing cropping system would not increase in future if all the important climatic parameters are considered for its prediction. This may be due to the fact that effect of increase in temperature on crop water requirement may be compensated by decrease in other climatic parameters such wind speed and duration of daily sunshine hours. Results indicated that climate change may not have much impact on sustainability of prevailing cropping system as per the crop water requirement is concerned. Based on water requirement and groundwater availability under various climate change scenarios, appropriate strategies to cope up the climate change impact on irrigated crops have been suggested.
It is very important to distinguish the spatial variability in soil fertility for site specific nutrient application. To know the status, 25 soil samples were collected from Vandurga Village, Yadgir District, Karnataka, India. Samples were analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), power of hydrogen (pH), organic carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P2O5) and Potassium (K2O). Further, SPSS (ver. 19) was used to execute conventional statistical analysis and ArcGIS to get the information about distribution and spatial variability of soil available nutrients. The analysis results showed that the EC of soil varied from 0.13 to 0.25 dS/m with a mean of 0.18 dS/m. The PH ranged from 6.62 to 8.82 with an average of 7.89. Available OC ranged from 0.14 % to 1.90 % with mean of 0.78 %. Similarly mean values for N, P2O5 and K2O observed 215.3 kg/ha, 31.5 kg/ha, and 513.4 kg/ha, respectively. The SD and CV for EC was 0.031 and 16.69%, respectively, while for pH, OC, N, P2O5 and K2O it was found to be 0.56 and 7.04, 0.39 and 51.16, 100.9 and 46.86, 19.12 and 60.61, 160.88 and 31.33 respectively. Spatial variability maps for various nutrients prepared shows the huge variation in the soil nutrients availability. This variability appeared due to lack of balanced application of fertilizers. It was suggested that an appropriate applications of nutrients necessary for selected land based on soil nutrients.
Background: Global climate change and its impact on crop water requirement have widely discussed in recent years. In the present century, climate change had become a significant concern and atmospheric temperature is the dominant climatic factor that indicates the changes in both regional and global scales. This study was undertaken to evaluate the trend and predict the changes in crop water requirement under various climate change scenarios. Methods: The statistical nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope used to identify trend in the data series. In this study ArcGIS V. xx software used for investigating spatial patterns in data. CROPWAT-8.0 model used for calculation of crop water requirement under various climate change scenarios. Total six climate change scenarios were considered for assessment.Result: The crop water requirement (ETc) of pigeonpea estimated and exhibited an increasing trend and a decreasing trend in study area in the past 35 years. The spatial distribution maps reveal that the distribution of ETc is found an increasing trend in all the scenarios to reference ETc. An increasing trend of ETc of pigeon pea was observed in all the places under various climate change scenarios. It was suggested to promote rainwater harvesting, soil and water conservation and increase ground water recharge in the study area to minimize the risk of yield reduction due to the availability of minimum water under changing climatic condition.
In recent days observed extreme variations in the climate and weather events are increasingly being recognized as key aspects of climate change. ln this study we assessed the spatial-temporal variability of minimum and maximum temperature over the Kalaburgi district of Karnataka, India for the period 1981-2018, using gridded data with 0.5-degree resolution obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration prediction of worldwide energy resource (NASA POWER) project. Trend detection and quantification in the temperature evaluated using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator. The overall average of minimum and maximum temperature data and Sen,s estimate showed the increasing trend in series for the last 38 years. The highest average minimum temperature observed is densly distributed over the Jewargi with a range of 24.74 0C to 26.68 0C and all other places found sparsely distributed with range 19.98 0C to 23.50 0C. ln the overall, the spatial distribution analysis results observed the densely distribution of maximum temperature in AIand, Afzalpur, Jewargi and part of Kalaburgi with range of 32.88 0C to 33.99 0C. The average maximum temperature exhibited the increasing trend linearly and Sen's slope also estimated increasing trend in the study area.
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