Nickel oxide, a stable inorganic p-type semiconductor with wide bandgap is an attractive hole transport material for the perovskite-based solar cells. Doping the nickel oxide with group-1 elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium is found to increase the conductivity of the film. In the present work lithium doped and undoped nickel oxide thin films are coated on the glass substrate by spin coating method under ambient conditions, and the effects of doping are investigated. The structural, electrical and optical properties have been studied for different doping concentrations. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of single-phase cubic nickel oxide. It is found that the conductivity increases nine times as the lithium concentration increases. The UV-vis spectroscopy measurement modulates the bandgap with the increase in the lithium-ion concentration.

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The magnetic iron oxides are classified into three phases known as Magnetite (Fe3O4), Magnetite (-Fe2O3), Hematite (-Fe2O3).The ferric oxide synthesis with the excess of the ferrous oxide nanoparticles was carried out by the co-precipitation method. The precursors Ferric sulphate hydrate and Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate taken in the molar ratio of 1:2 in 100 ml of water and 30 ml of Hydrochloric acid added to initiate precipitation at 90 OC with vigorous stirring the ammonia solution was added. The prepared materials are characterized by XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD showed formation of phase and crystallization of the nanomaterial is prepared. The UV-Vis spectroscopy used to determine the reflectance and absorptance as well as the optical bandgap of the nanomaterial, in the range of 800 nm to 200 nm. The analysis indicated formation of ferrous oxide impregnated ferric oxide nanoparticles with desired optical band gap.