The albino horse is the choice horse traditionally for ceremonial parade amongst the military and the police force in Nigeria because of their bright and attractive appearance on parade ground. Incidentally, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasia of the skin in horses especially the albinos. An 8-year old albino parade stallion of Nigerian breed was presented with the chief complaint of growths on skin of right thigh and a tentative diagnosis of SCC was made. This case reports a successful management of SCC in albino horses with a view to improving management of the condition especially in veterinary settings with limited facility. The horse was restrained in standing position using hobbles and xylazine sedation. Local anaesthesia was achieved using Lidocaine hydrochloride. Growths were debulked in two surgeries, conducted 60 days apart. Vincristine 2 mg was administered intravenously twice at 3 weeks apart after each surgery but additionally, 1g was infiltrated at site after the second surgery, necessitated by regrowth of lesion. Wound was regularly cleaned and dressed. Blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for haematological and histopathological alterations respectively. Pre-treatment, haemogram showed neutropenia, lymphocytosis and hyperproteinemia. Histopathological examination revealed focal areas of keratin pearls, massive undifferentiated tumour cells at different stages of mitosis. It was concluded that surgical excision of lesions and vincristine therapy should be used in squamous cell carcinoma management in horses. Therefore, it was recommended that surgeons should be patient as multiple surgeries may be indicated depending on severity of squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasia of the skin in horses. An adult albino stallion of Nigerian indigenous (Arewa) breed used for military ceremonial parade was presented with the chief complaints of growth on left side lower eyelid and unilateral epiphora. Tentatively diagnosis of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma was made and managed successfully. Restraint was achieved using chlorpromazine as tranquilizer and physical method with the animal on right lateral recumbency for the surgery. Lidocaine-adrenaline 2% was used for local anaesthesia. The growth was debulked only once and chemotherapeutically treated using vincristine 1 mg for local infiltration once and 2 mg intravenously twice at 3 weeks apart. Tissue sample was preserved in formaldehyde-10% and processed for histopathological examination. Haematological findings pre-treatment were neutropenia, 32% (52 to 70%) and hyperproteinemia, 10.2 g/d L (6.0 to 8.5g/dL) which became neutrophilic leucocytosis 16.1 x 109/L (5.6-12.1 x 109/L) post-treatment. Histopathological findings were focal areas of keratin pearls surrounded by a concentric aggregation of cornified squamous epithelial cells. Massive undifferentiated tumour cells and inflammatory cells at different stages of mitosis were also observed. It was concluded that surgical excision of lesion and vincristine therapy twice at 3 weeks apart only was effective to cure the eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the horse. It was recommended that surgical excision of growths and vincristine therapy given by intravenous and local infiltration routes should be used in management of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in albino horses.
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