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Uni- and biaxial tension deformation tests, with different degrees of deformation, have been done on AISI 430 (EN 1.4016) ferritic stainless steel samples, which had both different chemical compositions and had undergone different annealing treatments. The initial and deformed materials were characterized by using electron backscatter diffraction and backscatter electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope together with electron probe microanalysis. The correlation observed among the chemical compositions, annealing treatment, and strain level obtained after deformation is discussed.

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Los aceros dúplex austeno-ferríticos están constituidos por ferrita y austenita en proporciones variables del 30 % al 70 %. Su composición química condiciona los procesos de envejecimiento que sufren durante los tratamientos térmicos, cuando se generan fases que endurecen y fragilizan el material. Este trabajo estudia la evolución de un nuevo inoxidable dúplex con bajo contenido en níquel y alto en nitrógeno y manganeso a 1123 K (temperatura crítica de precipitación) y tiempos de hasta 8 horas, comparándola con las de dos dúplex clásicos (2205 y 2507). El estudio, mediante medidas magnéticas, DRX y microscopías óptica y electrónica de barrido con microanálisis, reveló un comportamiento general similar en los tres aceros. El nuevo material presenta mayor estabilidad inicial, probablemente debido al elevado contenido en nitrógeno y manganeso, aunque produce la mayor cantidad de transformación final debido a la mayor cantidad inicial de ferrita. Para la identificación correcta de las fases se realizó un análisis comparativo determinando las composiciones químicas de las fases generadas. Todos los aceros ensayados están inicialmente constituidos por ferrita y austenita. Tras el envejecimiento, 8 horas a 1123 K, en el acero dúplex 2205 se observa una abundante formación de sigma, siguen presentes la austenita y parte de la ferrita original; en el dúplex 2507 la ferrita transforma totalmente y se identifican austenita, sigma, austenita secundaria y nitruros de cromo; respecto al nuevo dúplex DBNi, tras el tratamiento, se detecta austenita, ferrita, fases sigma y chi y nitruros de cromo. Palabras clave: Acero inoxidable. Acero dúplex. Fase sigma. Fase chi. Composición química. Phase transformation kinetics at 850° C of classic duplex stainless steels (2205 y 2507) and a new one with low nickel and higher manganese content (DBNi)Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are formed by ferrite and austenite in a variable proportion between 30 % and 70 %. Their chemical composition conditions the ageing processes that can happen during heat treatments, where phases that hardens and brittles the material can be generated. Evolution of a new duplex stainless steel with lower nickel and higher nitrogen and manganese content maintained at 1123 K (critical precipitation temperature) up to 8 hours compared to classical ones (2205 and 2507) is presented. The study, done by magnetic measurements, XRD, optical and scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis, revealed a roughly similar behaviour for the three steels. The new one presents a higher initial stability, probably due to the high nitrogen and manganese contents; however, it also produces the higher final transformation due to the higher initial ferrite. A fine comparative analysis was done to correctly identify any phase; an accurate microanalysis in every generated phase was performed. All the steels tested are initially made on ferrite and austenite. After the ageing treatment, 8 hours at 1123 K, in the 2205 duplex steel a strong precipitation of sigma phase is observed, a...

This article reports on the relation between the surface topography and the optical reflectance, both total and diffuse, of different samples of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. Gaussian filters with different cutoff wavelengths were applied to the height maps of the surface topography of the samples, to separate the different scales of surface roughness involved in optical scattering in the visible range of the spectrum. Significant anisotropy, related to the rolling process, was found in the topography. An effective roughness slope parameter was defined from the dependence of the ratio between the root mean square height and the autocorrelation length on the cutoff wavelength. This roughness slope demonstrated an exceptionally good linear relationship with CIE 1931 luminance, which was calculated from the diffuse reflection spectra. The color uniformity of the samples was analyzed based on their CIE L*a*b* coordinates under daylight and LED illumination. The results confirmed the strong influence of manufacturing process on the surface characteristics of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel sheet products with a bright finish.

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