Fibers of natural origin have been implemented as reinforcement materials in different areas; hence, it is important to know their properties. In this paper, the results of the physical, chemical, and mechanical characterization of natural fibers of guadua are shown; to achieve this, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), moisture absorption, apparent density and fiber stress tests were used. The aim was to analyze the general behavior of guadua fibers and to determine their viability as reinforcement in composite materials for construction. From the characterization, it was determined that guadua has an excellent tensile strength and can be used as reinforcement in polymer matrices because of its roughness; that is, it has adhesion, it is light, and it has excellent absorption in comparison to other fibers. ResumenFibras de origen natural se han implementado como material de refuerzo en distintas áreas; por ello la importancia de conocer sus propiedades. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de la caracterización física, química y mecánica de fibras naturales de guadua; para lograrlo, se emplearon técnicas de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM),
A not stable mechanical movement transmission between systems produces equilibrium losses, such as a rotor of motors that are coupled in rotating machines. This can be studied as a disturbance “vibration” either as characteristic of the movement transmission due to controlled displacement over rotors, which transmits the movement. Therefore, in this research is presented an analysis for an optimal control of the rotor axis displacement that includes “vibration” as the part of the movement transmission. It implies mathematical modelling and specific sensors selections to correlate the vibration in this control task. Furthermore, in order to verify the proposed analysis, it was simulated and tested in a hybrid magnetic bearing system.
The vicuña is considered a national heritage of Peru and has the finest animal fiber in the world (12 μm of diameter). According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Peru is the first producer of vicuña fiber in the world (68.1 %) followed by Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador (Mincetur,2010). The washing process consists of immersing the fiber into an aqueous medium formed by hot water (40-60°C) and detergents that, through gentle mechanical movements, eliminates the fiber impurities (grease, suintin, dust, dirt, etc.). In Peru thousands of peasant communities in charge of the exploitation of this product, commercialize the untreated fiber, without removing impurities In this work, a small washing equipment has been designed, according to the production capacity of Peruvian peasants who take care of vicuñas. This washing equipment allows the cleaning of the fiber through the feeding, dragging, dipping and squeezing processes, fulfilling the washing standards IWTO-19-981. The use of this equipment will allow obtaining a cleaner fiber without any type of felting, a saving 20 % of water and a yield of 90% compared to traditional manual washing.
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