Gaining insight into the nature and dynamics of the transition state is the essence of mechanistic investigations of chemical reactions, yet the fleeting configuration when existing chemical bonds dissociate while new ones form is extremely difficult to examine directly. Adiabatic potential-energy surfaces--usually derived using quantum chemical methods that assume mutually independent nuclear and electronic motion--quantify the fundamental forces between atoms involved in reaction and thus provide accurate descriptions of a reacting system as it moves through its transition state. This approach, widely tested for gas-phase reactions, is now also commonly applied to chemical reactions at metal surfaces. There is, however, some evidence calling into question the correctness of this theoretical approach for surface reactions: electronic excitation upon highly exothermic chemisorption has been observed, and indirect evidence suggests that large-amplitude vibrations of reactant molecules can excite electrons at metal surfaces. Here we report the detection of 'hot' electrons leaving a metal surface as vibrationally highly excited NO molecules collide with it. Electron emission only occurs once the vibrational energy exceeds the surface work function, and is at least 10,000 times more efficient than the emissions seen in similar systems where large-amplitude vibrations were not involved. These observations unambiguously demonstrate the direct conversion of vibrational to electronic excitation, thus questioning one of the basic assumptions currently used in theoretical approaches to describing bond-dissociation at metal surfaces.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Methods Manual-Thermo Scientific Title, Operator techniques in atomic spectroscopy McGraw-Hill advanced physics monograph series • Advanced physics monograph series. Author, Brian R. Operator techniques in atomic spectroscopy-HathiTrust Digital Library The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra-Google Books Result Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy: Amazon.de: Brian R 29 Aug 2002. Zeeman effect as a prototype for intra-atomic interactions. B.R. Judd Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy. McGraw-Hill, New York Symmetry classification of two-particle operators in atomic.-Hal Amazon.fr-Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy-Brian R Operator techniques in atomic spectroscopy-Brian R. Judd Brian R Judd-Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy jetzt kaufen. 1 Kundrezensionen und 5.0 Sterne. Operator techniques in atomic spectroscopy. which has stable links. Subject: Calculus, Operational. Subject: Atomic spectra. Subject: Mathematical physics. Zeeman effect as a prototype for intra-atomic interactions Spectroscopy-Tripod Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy Princeton Legacy Library Brian R. Judd on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. In the 1920s 9780691059013-Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy by. Irreducible tensor operator techniques in atomic spectroscopy. The classification of three-particle operators acting on l. 2,3,4,5,6 electron shells. Author's personal copy Operator Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy. USD. Buy: $30.00. Rent: Rent this article for. 10.1063/1.3051549. Brian R. Judd and J. A. White, Reviewer. Algebraic development of many-body perturbation theory in. All but the lightest atoms are dynamic systems of great complexity. To analyze the properties of such systems, certain assumptions and approximations must first
Perceived muscle soreness ratings, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, and myoglobin levels were assessed in three groups of subjects following two 30-min exercise bouts of downhill running (-10 degrees slope). The two bouts were separated by 3, 6, and 9 wk for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Criterion measures were obtained pre- and 6, 18, and 42 h postexercise. On bout 1 the three groups reported maximal soreness at 42 h postexercise. Also, relative increases in CK for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 340, 272, and 286%, respectively. Corresponding values for myoglobin were 432, 749, and 407%. When the same exercise was repeated, significantly less soreness was reported and smaller increases in CK and myoglobin were found for groups 1 and 2. For example, the percent CK increases on bout 2 for groups 1 and 2 were 63 and 62, respectively. Group 3 demonstrated no significant difference in soreness ratings, CK activities, or myoglobin levels between bouts 1 and 2. It was concluded that performance of a single exercise bout had a prophylactic effect on the generation of muscle soreness and serum protein responses that lasts up to 6 wk.
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