Three crystalline materials have been isolated from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica sub. sp. abyssinica, N.O. Melianthaceae. Some chemical and pharmacological evidence is presented that these materials are bufodienolide aglycones. The material isolated in greatest quantity has a toxicity similar to that of scillaridin.
The electrically driven, isolated auricles from the rabbit and the hen have been used to compare the inotropic potency of a bufodiene aglycone with ouabain. The results from the hen auricle permit conventional statistical treatment and show a good degree of reproducibility. Results of inotropic potencies and toxicity determinations on the two drugs are discussed.
In a previous paper (Lock, 1963) it was shown that the isolated auricles of the hen can be used for the determination of inotropic potencies.Little general information occurs in the literature concerning avian auricles. Blinks & Koch-Weser (1961) mention the hen auricle in a list of species investigated, but give no details of behaviour. In view of the potential usefulness of this preparation in the investigation of cardiotonic substances, particularly because of the more rapid response to such drugs compared with mammalian preparations, a wider range of conditions has been investigated than was described in the previous communication. Many authors, since Weizacher (1913a, b), have shown the importance of both frequency and temperature in the inotropic responses of a heart preparation to a digitaloid, and the profound effect of temperature particularly is shown here tQ apply not only to digitaloids but also to calcium. Some general effects of temperature and frequency changes on the contractility of this preparation are also described.
METHODSAuricle preparations. These were prepared in a manner similar to that described previously (Lock, 1963). Recordings of twitch tension were made with an R.C.A. 5437 transducer and a Mingograph 42 multichannel recorder.Solutions. The bathing fluid was Locke solution containing (in mM): NaCl 154, KCl 5.6, NaHCO, 36, CaCl2 2.2 and glucose 5.5; de-ionized water was added to 100%. Where necessary, cardiotonic glycosides were dissolved in ethanol-water mixtures and doses were arranged so that not more than 0.05 ml. of ethanol was added to a 30-ml. organ-bath, to avoid the depressive effect of ethanol on the tissue. Temperature was controlled to +0.10 C.
RESULTSStaircase effect. Repeated experiment showed that many auricles would not respond regularly to any frequency of stimulus at temperatures below 270 C up to a measured potential of 12.5 V
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