Abstract. Grazing cattle exert positive and negative effects on pasture production. It is shown that at a fertilizer nitrogen (N) input of 200 kg N ha -I yc 1 and more, the benefit from N circulation through urine and dung is not of significance for the pasture as a whole. Of the negative effects, poaching has the greatest influence on the response of pasture production to N fertilization.Two one-year experiments are described which showed that there were no significant differences in the response of grassland production to N fertilization between cutting and grazing usage above about 200 kg N ha -I yc 1 •
E nige tijd geleden kreeg ik de beschikking over een aantal strafvonnissen van de Alleensprekend Rechter van Enarotali. Deze zijn allen van recente datum, enkelen uit het begin van het jaar 1960. De feiten, die bij deze vonnissen werden berecht, spelen zich geheel af in de volkssfeer. Men kan stellen, dat het hier gaat om delicten, die naar de traditionele volksopvattingen in de kleine gemeenschappen niet als strafbare feiten worden aangemerkt, doch die van een dusdanig ernstige aard zijn, dat ze in de rechtsorde, die wordende is, niet op C I
Continuous norming is an increasingly popular approach to establish norms when the performance on a test is dependent on age. However, current continuous norming methods rely on a number of assumptions that are quite restrictive and may introduce bias. In this study quantile regression was introduced as more flexible alternative. Bias and precision of quantile regression-based norming were investigated with (age-)group as covariate, varying sample sizes and score distributions, and compared with bias and precision of two other norming methods: traditional norming and mean regression-based norming. Simulations showed the norms obtained using quantile regression to be most precise in almost all conditions. Norms were nevertheless biased when the score distributions reflected a ceiling effect. Quantile regression-based norming can thus be considered a promising alternative to traditional norming and mean regression-based norming, but only if the shape of the score distribution can be expected to be close to normal.
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