Urolithiasis is a very frequent illness found in Argentina; however, stone analysis is not routinely performed. In this work, 86 renal calculi (from cities of Luján and San Antonio de Areco, State of Buenos Aires, Argentina) have been analyzed by infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and the results correlated with the main possible pathological conditions. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) and mixtures of calcium oxalate monohydrate and carbonate apatite were the most frequent compounds found in our samples. In order to improve the identification of different phases present in calculi [particularly whewellite and weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate)], the second derivative spectra were used. The FTIR spectroscopy together with the second derivative analysis provides the urologist with a good method for calculi component determinations.
The formation and characterisation of a polymeric copper complex produced by chemical reaction between copper (II) ions and 3-mercapto-1-propanesulphonate sodium salt (MPSA) were studied. The formation of this complex, followed by sequential UVevisible spectroscopic measurements, involves the reduction of Cu(II) ions to Cu(I) by MPSA, the latter being oxidised to bis-(3-sulphopropyl)-disulphide (SPS), a dimer of MPSA. In the presence of oxygen, the re-oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) results in the formation of polymeric complex species consisting of [Cu(SO 3 (CH 2 ) 3 SeS(CH 2 ) 3 SO 3 )(H 2 O) 4 ] units. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that this polymeric copper complex crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The Cu(II) ion in the complex structure lies on an inversion centre in an elongated octahedral environment, equatorially coordinated to four water molecules and axially to two MPSA ligands through one of their sulphonic oxygen atoms. The complex units are arranged in the lattice as polymeric [Cu(SPS)(H 2 O) 4 ] n molecules extending along the crystal [101] direction. The IR and Raman spectra as well as TGA and DTA data are reported. The stepwise thermal decomposition from room temperature up to 1000 C begins with the loss of water molecules and ends with the formation of copper sulphide species.
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