Patients who have completed a treatment for severe pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are often left with severe respiratory disability. There have been few prospective studies assessing the effect of treatment on lung function in such patients. The influence of antimicrobial chemotherapy on lung function was investigated over a six month period in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB to test the hypothesis that treatment improves lung function, as well as to identify factors that may influence lung function outcome. Seventy-six patients were recruited into the study, of whom 74 completed the treatment programme. Forty-two were current smokers and 13 seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Improvement in lung function occurred in 54% of patients, but residual airflow limitation or a restrictive pattern was evident in 28% and 24% of patients, respectively. The extent of lung infiltration (radiographic score) both at the outset and after chemotherapy was significantly and negatively related to forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% pred) (r=-0.41, and r=-0.46, respectively). The post-treatment serum C-reactive protein and alpha1-protease inhibitor levels were negatively associated with FEV1 (% pred) (r=-0.30 and r=-0.35, respectively). These findings demonstrate that, while antimicrobial chemotherapy may lead to improved lung function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a large proportion of patients has residual impairment. The most significant factor influencing post-treatment lung function status, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second (% predicted), is the pretreatment and post-treatment radiographic score, which acts as a marker of the extent of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in tuberculosis.

The possible effect on the infant of dopamine antagonists used to promote lactation is cause for concern. Domperidone (Motilium) may be safer than other drugs in this group as it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. The mean serum level of prolactin 2 h after treatment with 20 mg of domperidone in the puerperium was 255 ng/ml compared with 150 ng/ml after a placebo. The mean domperidone level in all breast milk samples during treatment with IOmg, three times daily, was 2.6 ng/ml. This was significantly more than levels after a single 20 mg dose sampled at 2 h (0.24 ng/ml) and at 4 h (1.1 ng/ml), and considerably less than values available for metoclopramide and sulpiride, relative to the therapeutic dosage. The effectiveness of domperidone to augment lactation requires further study.

This report describes a young man with bilateral diffuse lung involvement, characteristic histological features, and a mixed restrictive/obstructive lung function pattern.