Variability is an important factor to consider in crop improvement programmes. This study was conducted in two years to assess genetic variability and determine relationship between seed yield, its components and tuber production characters among twelve accessions of African yam bean. Data collected were subjected to combined analysis of variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical and K-means clustering analyses. Results obtained revealed that genotype by year (G × Y) interaction had significant effects on some of variables measured (days to first flowering, days to 50 % flowering, number of pod per plant, pod length, seed yield and tuber yield per plant) in this study.The first five principal components (PC) with Eigen values greater than 1.0 accounted for about 66.70 % of the total variation, where PC1 and PC 2 accounted for 39.48 % of variation and were associated with seed and tuber yield variables. Three heterotic groups were clearly delineated among genotypes with accessions AY03 and AY10 identified for high seed yield and tuber yield respectively. Nonsignificant relationship that existed between tuber and seed yield per plant of these accessions was recommended for further test in various agro-ecologies for their suitability, adaptability and possible exploitation of heterosis to further improve the accessions. Variabilnost je zelo pomemben dejavnik v žlahtnenjenju poljščin. Dvoletna raziskava je bila opravljena s ciljem ovrednotenja genetske variabilnosti in analize odnosov med komponentami pridelka semena ter tvorbe in značilnosti gomoljev med 12 akcesijami afriškega gomoljastega fižola. Zbrani podatki so bili obdelani z analizo variance (ANOVA), analizo glavnih komponent (PCA), hierarhično in klastersko analizo. Izsledki so pokazali, da so imele interakcije med genotipi in leti (G × Y) statistično značilen vpliv na nekatere analizirane spremenljivke kot so dnevi do prvega cvetenja, dnevi do 50 % cvetenja, število strokov na rastlino, dolžina stroka ter pridelek semen in gomoljev na rastlino. Prvih pet glavnih component (PC) z lastnimi vrednostmi več kot 1.0 je prispevalo 66.70 % celokupne variabilnosti, PC1 in PC 2 pa sta pridali še 39.48 % variabilnosti v povezavi s pridelkom semena in gomoljev. Med genotipi so se jasno oblikovale tri heterotične skupine in akcesija AY03 je bila prepoznana po velikem pridelku semen, AY10 pa po velikem pridelku gomoljev. Neznačilno povezavo med pridelkom semen in gomoljev pri teh akcesijah bi bilo priporočljivo dodatno testirati glede prilagodljivosti na različne agroekološke razmere, možnosti njihovega izboljšanja in potencialne uporabe heterotičnega učinka.
Q11Effect of seed size on in vitro seed germination, seedling growth, embryogenic callus induction and plantlet regeneration from embryo of maize (Zea mays L.) seed Q8 Abstract Immature embryo-derived callus is more efficient for plant regeneration in maize but it is difficult to obtain all seasons of the year while mature embryos from dry seeds are available throughout the year. This study attempts to investigate the effect of seed size on in vitro seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction and plantlet regeneration, as well as the relationships between these parameters in five maize varieties. Seeds were designated as large or small for each variety based on their 100 seed weights and seed germination were achieved in petridishes between two sheets of pre-wetted filter paper. Seeds were disinfected and mature embryos were excised from the maize endosperm and inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog salt (MS medium) supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 8 g/l agar, 0.1 g/l myo-inositol and 3 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction, while embryogenic calli were transferred to medium containing 0.5 mg/l Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin for plant regeneration. The study showed that large seeds had significant effect on almost all the traits studied and positive correlation was observed between in vitro germination, seedling growth, callus induction and plantlet regeneration. It can be concluded that callus fresh weight can be used as a marker for improving regeneration efficiency in maize. These results can be used to enhance research into the genetic control of in vitro regeneration from maize mature embryo in the future breeding programs to determine inherent genetic potentials of maize varieties with good tissue culture traits.
To characterise the local seed system and assess the potentials of the vegetable seed sector, a seed survey was conducted in five villages within three states of South Western Nigeria. Using structured questionnaires, 94 farmers from five farm settlement locations covering Ogun, Osun and Oyo states of Nigeria were randomly queried on types of varieties that they propagate, their seed sources, and factors that determined their seed choices. The data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis of simple proportions and percentages. At all the locations, the use of seeds of improved varieties for production of vegetable crops in terms of hectares cultivated was predominant over that of local varieties -100% use of seeds of improved varieties in many cases. About 60% of vegetable farmers sourced seeds from their previously saved harvests, while about 30% purchased seeds from dealers over the 3 years covered by the survey. About 33% of vegetable farmers would select seeds of varieties to cultivate based on high potential crop yield and 32% based on consumer preferences, while 25% of farmers would select seeds of a variety if only it is readily available. The results showed that farmers' demand for the seeds of improved varieties could be elicited with availability of varieties that meet production challenges (high yields) and market needs (consumer preferences). The implications of the results with respect to prospects for commercial vegetable breeding and seed production were discussed. But indications are that the seed system can be improved when crop breeders and seed producers regularly evaluate the dynamics of consumer quality preferences and continuously generate varieties that satisfy them.
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