Biodiesel and butanol are excellent additive fuels, especially for diesel fuel. Many studies in literature reported that the biodiesel-butanol with various ratios is applied to diesel engines. In this experiment, diesel engines operated using biodiesel-butanol blend in low proportions 5-5%, 5-10% 10-5%, 10-10%, 15-5% and 15-10% mixed with pure diesel, and the blend is characterized. This blend of fuels can be represented as B5Bu5, B5Bu10, B10B5, B10Bu10, B15Bu5 and B15B10 with a numeric number in the fuel blends. This fuel blend is used as test fuel which is operated on a single cylinder diesel engine, four steps, direct injection (DI) at a constant speed of 1200 rpm and engine load of 25% and 50%. The combustion characteristics, performance and engine emissions are analyzed and evaluated by comparing each load and the speed of the engine being operated. Furthermore, fuel additives with pure diesel are needed to check emissions from the engine when the engine is run with a blend of diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel. Among the six fuel blends samples examined in this experiment, better performance was shown in the B5B10 blend and produced fewer emissions. The results of the whole experiment are presented in full in this paper.
A study on the application of oxygenated turpentine oil as a bio-additive in diesel fuel was conducted. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of oxygenated turpentine oil additive in diesel fuel on the performance and emission characteristics in diesel engines. Oxygenated turpentine oil is obtained from the oxidation process of turpentine oil. In this experimental study, the influences of oxygenated turpentine oil-diesel blended fuel OT0.2 (0.2% vol oxygenated turpentine oil and 99.8% vol diesel) were compared with pure diesel on engine performance, and emission characteristics were examined in a one-cylinder four-stroke CI engine. The test was performed at two engine loads (25% and 50%) and seven engine speeds (from 1200–2400 rpm with intervals of 200 rpm). The physiochemical characteristics of test fuels were acquired. The engine indicated power, indicated torque, fuel flow rate, and emissions (carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; and nitrogen oxide, NOX) were examined. The results revealed that the engine power shows slight increments of 0.7–1.1%, whereas the engine torque slightly decreased with oxygenated turpentine usage compared to pure diesel in most conditions. Furthermore, a reduction in NOX emission decreased by about 0.3–66% with the addition of oxygenated turpentine in diesel compared to diesel. However, usage of OT0.2 decreased fuel flow rate in most speeds at low load but gave a similar value to diesel at 50% load. CO emissions slightly increased with an average of 1.2% compared to diesel while CO2 emissions increased up to 37.5% than diesel. The high-water content, low cetane number, and low heating value of oxygenated turpentine oil were the reasons for the inverse effect found in the engine performances.
Along with the development of alternative fuel to replace the usage of petroleum-derivatives, the vibration in the diesel engine has become one of the main focus by researchers recently. The biodiesel has been investigated numerously since the application does not need any modification of the engine and with the different fuel properties, the biodiesel can enhance or deteriorates the engine. Hence, this study will be carried out to investigate the effect adding butanol in two different biodiesel blends by using vibration analysis. The vibration level will be determined in velocity term in RMS by using uniaxial accelerometer. The results indicated that the B10Bu10 blend shows a better reduction in vibration level with the decrement more than 30% for both speed in 25% load while in the 50% load, the decrement was observed to be 13.46% for 1800 RPM and 22.9% for the 2100 RPM. Finally, it can be conclude that the usage of biodiesel with the additional of butanol can improve the vibration level in the diesel engine, however, with an additional volume of biodiesel in the blend tends to increase the vibration level in certain condition.
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