The Health Promotion paradigm led to the acknowledgment of health due to factors linked to the social, political and economic contexts. In Brazil, health inequities are one of the most striking features of the health situation, challenging the effectiveness of intersectoral policies. This study aimed to understand the perception of socially vulnerable community dwellers of the problems that interfere with the health conditions and the coping strategies used. The methodology consisted of a participatory research based on the participatory diagnosis conducted with 31 key informants from the community studied in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. As a result, participants evidenced that the community has health issues due to weak intersectoral actions (infrastructure, public safety, basic sanitation, garbage collection, among others) and that they seek to address them through social mobilization actions and institutional support. Thus, Participatory Diagnosis is thought to increase social involvement with health promotion and problem solving and contributes to ensuring the right to the city to all its residents.
Aedes aegypti is a cosmopolitan vector for arboviruses dengue, Zika and chikungunya, disseminated in all Brazilian states. The Eco-Bio-Social (EBS) strategy is vital in Aedes aegypti control as it mobilizes stakeholders (government, professionals, society, and academics) to promote healthy environments. This paper describes the rationale and methods of expanding the EBS strategy for Aedes aegypti control in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. A cluster, non-randomized controlled clinical trial was developed to analyze the strategy’s effectiveness in vulnerable territories (high incidence of dengue and violent deaths; low HDI; substandard urban infrastructure, high population density, and water scarcity). We selected two intervention and two control groups, resulting in a sample of approximately 16,000 properties. The intervention consisted of environmental management by sealing large elevated water tanks, introduction of beta fish in waterholes, elimination of potential breeding sites, and mobilization and training of schoolchildren, endemic disease workers, health workers, social mobilizers, and community leaders; community surveillance of arboviruses; construction and validation of a booklet for the prevention of arboviruses in pregnant women. We analyzed the costs of arboviruses to government and households, the intervention cost-effectiveness, chikungunya’s chronicity, and acceptance, sustainability, and governance of vector control actions. The primary outcome (infestation) was analyzed using the house, container, and Breteau indices. We hope that this study will help us understand how to scale up strategies to fight Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas.
Objectives: to conceive a theoretical-reflective discussion about participatory diagnosis as a methodological option in participatory research. Methods: this is a reflection study, based on an experience that used participatory diagnosis as a research strategy in a socially vulnerable community. It was intended to implicate social groups in the search for identification and solution to the problems. Results: the use of participatory diagnosis has provided significant results regarding the importance given by participants to community empowerment in the fight for health, quality of life and social empowerment. Final Considerations: participatory research and its relationship to participatory diagnosis favors the understanding of social issues, including health conditions, education and effective participation in problem solving.
Resumo Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as estratégias adotadas por moradores de uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável, caracterizada pela desigualdade econômica e social, para o enfrentamento dos problemas que interferem nas condições de saúde. Realizou-se pesquisa participante por meio do diagnóstico participativo, ancorada na Hermenêutica. Participaram 31 moradores da Comunidade do Dendê, denominados informantes-chave. Coletaram-se os dados a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, caminhada de rua e grupos focais. Utilizou-se o software WebQDA para amparar a análise dos dados, com base na Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática, identificando-se as seguintes categorias: “ações individuais ou de pequenos grupos de pessoas”, “parcerias entre moradores e organizações sociais” e “parcerias com segmentos públicos e privados”. Considera-se que a condição de vulnerabilidade, motivada por uma diversidade de determinantes sociais, gera impactos negativos sobre a saúde, tornando necessário o planejamento e a efetivação de políticas e ações voltadas ao bem estar da população. Isso reflete a relevância do diagnóstico participativo, o qual pode ser apoiado pelas pessoas e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação para ampliar a participação comunitária nas ações promotoras de saúde.
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