Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of cocaine-dependent patients, and to examine the discriminant validity of the Barkley’s executive dysfunction scale in differentiating cocaine-dependent patients with and without ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 166 cocaine-dependent subjects were assessed. The assessment instruments included: Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID), Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV) and 9 items from Current Behavior Scale Self-Report by Russell A. Barkley. Results: 14.5% (CI95%: 9.2–19.8%) prevalence of ADHD was observed in our sample. The Barkley’s executive dysfunction items showed statistically significant differences between cocaine-dependent patients with ADHD and those patients without ADHD diagnosis. Conclusions: The study data support Barkley’s model – which posits the relevance of executive dysfunction among ADHD patients within a sample of cocaine dependents, and provides evidence of the discriminant validity of the Current Behavior Scale Self-Report for identifying ADHD symptoms in cocaine users.
Resumen AbstractOver the last years, the therapeutic community treatment with people who have cocaine problems and psychopathological comorbidity has been increasing and it is important to know more about the success of these treatments. The aim of this paper is to study the psychopathological profile of cocaine-dependent patients and its association with outcome variables.
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Objetivos: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los efectos positivos y negativos percibidos por asistentes a fiestas rave underground, y analizar las relaciones existentes entre las drogas consumidas y los efectos percibidos.Método: estudio realizado entre 252 asistentes a 22 fiestas raves underground celebradas en Andalucía, entre los meses de mayo y octubre de 2008. Se han aplicado contrastes de proporciones y regresiones logísticas.Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las drogas más consumidas por los asistentes fueron: alcohol (94.4%), cannabis (76.6%), speed (74.7%), éxtasis (64.1%), cocaína (28.2%), ketamina (23.8%) y LSD (22.9%). AbstractObjetives: The purpose of this study is to describe positive and negative effects perceived by underground rave attenders, and to analyze the relations between drugs consume and perceived risks.Method: The research was developed with a sample of 252 assistant at 22 underground raves in Andalucía (Spain), from May to October 2008. It has been applied contrast proportions and logistic regressions analysis.Results: Results show that the most consumed drugs were: alcohol (94.4%), cannabis (76.6%), speed (74.7%), ecstasy (64.1%), cocaine (28.2%), ketamine (23.8%) and LSD (22.9%). The most positive effects perceived were: euphoria, well-being, happiness (90.3%) and connection with music (75.4%). The most negative effects perceived were: tiredness (78.2%), jaw clenching (55.2%) and concentration decreased (54.4%). Ecstasy is the substance which more increases probability to perceive positive effects, while speed is the one that more increases probability to perceive negative effects.Conclusions: Negative effects experimented for participants show the high risk for rave attendees´ health. These, together with positive effects, must be considered in order to design preventive and risk reduction strategies.
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