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The model accurately predicts the risk of CKD in PUVs patients. This model could be clinically useful in applying timely intervention and in preventing the impairment of renal function.

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Background/Aims Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) constitute a risk population of developing dementia and thus a population of clinical interest. This study reviews recent work on the incidence of MCI in the elderly. Methods Incidence papers were identified by a systematic literature search. Studies on incidence of MCI were considered if they identified 'cognitively mild impaired' subjects by application of the MCI criteria, used the 'person-years-at-risk' method, and were based on population-based or community-based samples. Results Nine studies were identified. Incidence of Amnestic MCI subtypes ranged between 9.9 and 40.6 per 1000 person-years, and incidence of Non-amnestic MCI subtypes was found to be 28 and 36.3 per 1000 person-years. Regarding any MCI, incidence rates of 51 and 76.8 per 1000 person-years have been found. A higher risk of incident MCI mainly was found for higher age, lower education and hypertension. Discussion Incidence rates of MCI varied widely, and possible risk factors for incident MCI were analysed only to a limited extent. Findings call for an agreement concerning the criteria used for MCI and the operationalisation of these criteria.

Citrus sinensis and Lippia alba are herbal medicines widely used in the form of tea (infusion, decoction), which ethanolic extracts have already shown great anticoagulant activity in vitro. For this reason, they seem to be excellent candidates for the development of new antithrombotics and also have the potential to interact with them.The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous extracts in blood coagulation and platelet aggregation, in addition to analysing the micromolecular composition of these species.Thrombin generation test (TGT) by the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram method and Platelet Aggregation Test by turbidimetry were performed to evaluate the biological activities, while the chemical composition was qualitatively evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Aqueous extracts were elaborated according to the folk use.All extracts were effective in reducing thrombin formation in TGT. Infusion of L. alba and infusion and decoction of C. sinensis at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation induced by ADP, and only the decoction of L. alba at the same concentration was able to significantly reduce collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The presence of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C. sinensis and L. alba extracts was verified. Furthermore, hesperidin was identified in C. sinensis through coinjection.C. sinensis and L. alba are rich in phenolics and demonstrated an in-vitro effect on important processes of haemostasis (blood coagulation, platelet agreggation), corroborating the potential of C. sinensis and L. alba for the development of antithrombotics and interact with them.

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