Giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are parasitic diseases that are among the major health concerns observed in economically disadvantaged populations of developing countries, and have clear social and environmental bases. In Brazil, there is a lack of epidemiologic data concerning these infections in the study area, whose inhabitants have plenty of access to health care services, including good dwelling and adequate sanitary conditions. In this survey we investigated the risk factors for giardiasis and STH in three municipalities with good sanitation, situated in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the municipalities of Piau, Coronel Pacheco and Goianá, in both urban and rural areas. The fieldwork consisted of a questionnaire and the examination of 2,367 stool samples using the Hoffmann, Pons and Janer method. Of all individuals from the population sample, 6.1% were found infected with the parasitic diseases included in this work. Hookworm infection was the most prevalent disease, followed by giardiasis, trichuriasis and ascariasis. Infection was more prevalent in males (8.1%, p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.975) and in individuals living in rural areas (8.6%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.693). Multivariate analysis showed that variables such as inadequate sewage discharge (p < 0.001), drinking of unsafe water (p < 0.001), lack of sanitary infrastructure (p = 0.015), and host sex (p < 0.001) were the risk factors more strongly associated with infection status (95% confidence interval [CI]). In this study we demonstrate that giardiasis and STH still persist, infecting people who have good housing conditions and free access to public health care and education.
Introduction:The increasing practice of ecotourism and rural tourism in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlights the importance of studies concerning the occurrence of potential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to identify species of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real, an important Brazilian tourism project. Methods: The specimens were collected in different water collections of 36 municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais. Biomphalaria species were characterized using both morphological and molecular approaches. The research was conducted between August 2005 and September 2009 and all the sites visited were georeferenced using GPS. Results: Six Biomphalaria species were found in 30 of the 36 municipalities studied: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis and schrammi. The first three species of Biomphalaria, recognized as intermediate hosts of S. mansoni, were present in 33.3%, 47.2% and 8.3% of the municipalities studied, respectively. The mollusks were found in different types of water collections and no infection by S. mansoni was detected. The highest occurrence of Biomphalaria concentration was verified in the area covered by the Caminho Novo route (Diamantina/MG to Rio de Janeiro/RJ). Conclusions: Considering the occurrence of schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais and the socioeconomic repercussions involved in the Estrada Real Project, this work focuses on the vulnerability of water collections due to the presence of Biomphalaria mollusks and emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and educational measures integrated with the local community and tourism sectors.
As dimensões corporais são medidas utilizadas para a identificação e caracterização dos indivíduos das mais variadas espécies e podem ser avaliadas em indivíduos parasitados ou não quanto às respostas somáticas específicas. Este estudo trata da avaliação biométrica de 1.129 moluscos do gênero Biomphalaria, coletados no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, no ano de 2004. Foram coletados: 360 espécimes de B. straminea e analisados 215; 255 espécimes de B. peregrina e analisados 196; 1.550 espécimes de B. tenagophila (espécie mais prevalente na região) e analisados 718. Os moluscos capturados foram secos, pesados e medidos vivos; os moluscos mortos foram desprezados. As variáveis peso e diâmetro foram avaliadas por espécie e de forma independente e correlacionada. Estatisticamente, os estudos das variáveis diâmetro e peso revelaram que as menores médias biométricas foram evidenciadas pela espécie B. peregrina, seguida por B. straminea. Todas as espécies apresentaram diâmetro máximo das conchas cerca de 50% mais baixo do que os maiores diâmetros descritos na literatura. Verificou-se forte correlação positiva entre as variáveis peso (massa corpórea) e diâmetro (tamanho da concha) nas três espécies de Biomphalaria analisadas, o que fornece sólida base para se estabelecer consistente correlação direta entre estes parâmetros.
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