The main aim of the article is to answer the research question about the efficiency of the European Union (EU) development programmes for Brazil. For the purposes of the analysis, the actual socioeconomic problems and the selected political problems of this country, related to insufficient infrastructure, unsustainable urbanisation of cities, the crisis of good governance and scant social activities to promote equality, education and health, were indicated. The analysis is limited to aid programmes, considering the financial frameworks of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. This period is sufficient to conduct the research in the light of the emerging criticism of financial support to a country re-cognised as emerging power and one of the world’s largest economies. The analysis of this issue is also part of the current discussion on the issues of EU partnerships with the third countries, normative values and shaping the EU’s position as a political and trade partner, where the EU aims to strengthen its position and credibility as an actor in the changing geopolitical situation in the world. The conclusions indicate that the funds provided to Brazil by the European Union are mostly related to the development of urban infrastructure, adaptation and prevention of climate change, and investments in human capital. The Union runs a series of campaigns to promote gender equality, to inform about the dangers of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, and to support sexual health.