Unexpected isolation, which has not yet been seen on a global scale, has created the conditions for evaluating nutrition in a situation of reduced spatial activity. The study aimed to assess the influence of lockdown on selected eating habits of Polish adults. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted, including questions about eating habits and self-reported anthropometric measurements, referring to “before” and “during” lockdown. We reported the findings of 312 adults (aged 41.12 ± 13.05 years). Overall, 64.1% of the participants were women, 77.7% urban inhabitants and 78.6% employed. The average length of social isolation was 50.79 ± 10.53 days. The majority (51.6%) of the respondents did not eat outside the house during lockdown (p < 0.0001). The number of meals eaten during the day during lockdown increased significantly, 11.2% of the respondents ate 5 and more meals (p < 0.0001). The percentage of people snacking between meals increased by 5.1% during lockdown (p = 0.0001). Eggs, potatoes, sweets, canned meat and alcohol were consumed considerably more commonly during lockdown, while fast-food products, instant soups and energy drinks were eaten or drunk significantly less frequently. A marked decrease in the number of daily servings of the following products was observed: bakery products, red meat, fast food, instant soups, sweet beverages and energy drinks. Conversely, the number of daily servings of sweets and canned meat significantly increased. Two thirds of the respondents reported body weight changes, with 45.86% of the participants being overweight during lockdown. Significant changes in the diet of Polish adults were found during lockdown due to COVID-19.

The study determines the antioxidant properties of methanol vegetable extracts from raw vegetables, conventionally cooked vegetables and sous-vide. In the research, two methods were used: free radical scavenging DPPH (µM Trolox) and the reduction of Feto Fe - FRAP (µM Fe). Antioxidative properties for raw vegetables were obtained with the range of 7.47-235 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 2.66-103 (µM Fe/100g of vegetables), for vegetables after the conventional cooking process 6.15-657 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 3.03-99.9 (µM Fe/100g of vegetables), for vegetables after the sous-vide process 4.45-648 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 3.06-99.9 (µM Fe/100g of vegetables). For some vegetables, an increase in the antioxidative potential was observed as a result of cooking processes; however, it was much higher for the sous-vide technique. All results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant differences were revealed, the POST-HOC Duncan test was used (α=0.05).

The numerous consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in healthy young people and the lack of clarity as to the long-term disease outcomes have spurred the search for risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to evaluate the associations of nutritional behaviors, gut microbiota, and physical activity with the risk of COVID-19 in healthy young nonobese people. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). A balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruit, including nuts, wholegrain cereal products, and legumes, covers the need for vitamins and minerals. Such a diet can be an effective measure to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in nonobese healthy physically active young people with normal immune function. People with balanced diet and an average daily consumption of >500 g of vegetables and fruit and >10 g of nuts had an 86% lower risk of COVID-19 compared with those whose diet was not balanced and who consumed lower amounts of these products. It is well documented that proper nutrition, physical activity, and maintenance of normal weight facilitate good health by ensuring optimal immune function. The beneficial effects of these interventions should be strongly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The influence of the confinement on the changes of eating behaviors in men and women in Poland and between groups were assessed. Results were obtained for 112 men and 200 women. An anonymous questionnaire available on-line from 29 April to 19 May 2020 was the research tool. It contained questions about the frequency of consumption "before" and "during" confinement. Additionally, anthropometric measurements were declared by the respondents. An increase in the number of meals and an improvement in their regularity were observed in both groups. However, the frequency of snacking also increased. During lockdown women consumed potatoes, sweets, canned meat and eggs and men consumed canned meat more frequently. Products consumed less frequently were: fast food, instant soups and energy drinks (women), and white bread and fast food (men). The frequency of alcohol consumption also increased during lockdown. Average body weight and BMI increased significantly during social isolation. Body weight increase was declared by almost half of women and 40% of men. During the blockade period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the dietary behavior of the study group of women and men were found. The nature of these changes varied according to gender and the dietary parameters analyzed.

Introduction A noticeable change during the post-menopausal period is a modification of nutritional behaviors. The aim was to study the frequency of consumption of specific foodstuffs by post-menopausal women. Additionally, the influence of nutritional behaviors on the risk of overweight and obesity among post-menopausal women was assessed. Material and methods The study was conducted among 103 post-menopausal women in Poland in January to July 2016. It was a nationally recruited sample. To determine the frequency of consumption of foodstuffs the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-D10) was used. Additionally, socio-economic data were gathered and anthropometric examinations were carried out. Finally, multivariate logistic regression was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Results The results showed that the most frequently consumed products included: vegetables, fresh and dried fruits, sausages and cold meats, refined and unrefined cereal products, milk and milk drinks, sweets, potatoes, cheeses and meat, butter, creams, and oil. The studied women reported no change in nutritional preferences and nutritional behavior during the post-menopausal period but 75% of surveyed women noticed a body weight change. The analysis of products’ consumption frequency did not reveal any actual impact on increased risk of becoming overweight or obese in the studied group of women (OR [95% CI], p > 0.05). Conclusions The development of overweight and obesity probably did not depend on the frequency of consumption of foodstuffs; however, the place of residence and professional activity could be significant.

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AbstraktW badaniach klinicznych wykazano, że zmiany skórne, będące skutkiem diety ubogiej w kwasy tłuszczowe z rodziny n-6, mogą zostać zahamowane poprzez doustne podawanie olejów bogatych w kwas gamma-linolenowy (GLA). Kwas gamma-linolenowy jest skuteczny w leczeniu owrzodzeń, rumienia oraz wyprysków skórnych. Jednocześnie zwiększa funkcje obronne skóry przed infekcjami, działa przeciwzapalnie, zwiększa ukrwienie komórek skóry, wpływając na lepsze jej odżywienie i dotlenienie, skuteczniejsze usuwanie toksyn, co w konsekwencji prowadzi do poprawy jej wyglądu i koloru. Odgrywa też istotną rolę w nawilżaniu, a jego niedobór wiąże się z objawem suchej skóry. W pracy omówiono wpływ wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny n-6 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwasu gamma-linolenowego na skórę.Słowa kluczowe: wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe z rodziny n-6, kwas gamma-linolenowy, stan czynnościowy skóry WstępSkóra jest największym organem, sprężystą barierą ochraniającą mięśnie, pokrywającą ciało i jego narządy wewnętrzne. Jej średnia powierzchnia wynosi 1,5-2 m 2 , a grubość -od 0,5 do 5 mm (Adamski i Kaszuba, red., 2010). Jest narządem termoregulacji, wydala produkty przemiany materii, ochrania organizm przed nadmierną utratą wody, promieniowaniem radioaktywnym, urazami oraz zwalcza czynniki infekcyjne. Jest także największym organem umożliwiającym odczuwanie doznań, poprzez liczne

Case 3: A male patient born at 25 wk of gestational age, birthweight 850 g. Haemoglobin level was 152 g L À1 at birth, 110 g L À1 on day 4 (transfused), 84 g L À1 on day 17 (transfused), 103 g L À1 on day 31, and 111 g L À1 on day 51. After 3 weeks of treatment the patient developed a haemangioma on the upper lip of the mouth (size of 3 Â 3 mm).Haemangioma is the most common benign neoplasm of infancy, having an increased incidence in premature infants (5). Therefore, a possible relationship in infancy between pro-angiogenetic factors and vascular neoplasm has been advocated. These observations suggest that rHuEpo might be a potent angiogenic factor in vivo and might cause the development of haemangiomas in preterm neonates weighing less than 1000 g. The use of erythropoietin in very-low-birthweight neonates should be seriously investigated in the light of the risk of development of angiogenic tumors as well. Therefore, further studies on a larger population of preterm neonates are needed to clarify the potential association between rHuEpo treatment and the development of angiomas.