Diabetes mellitus is a deteriorating chronic endocrine disorder that is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that impact fats, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. This study was to determine the bioactive compound that is related to the anti-diabetic activity of Lepidium sativum and propose a mechanism of action for the activity. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, column chromatography, NMR, IR and In silico molecular docking, the bioactive principle was isolated, its chemical structure determined and its mechanism of action proposed. Results obtained from NMR and IR supported the proposed structure 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol (eugenol) to be the bioactive compound. Administration of 200 mg/kg eugenol from L. sativum to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. The modeling results showed that eugenol acted by binding to glucokinase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B enzymes due to their high binding affinities.
Diabetes mellitus is a health condition whose major feature is hyperglycemia that arises from various etiologies. Diabetes mellitus is connected with constraints in the metabolism of proteins and lipids which leads to complications such as hepatopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and vasculopathy. Plant resources are utilized for better beneficial curative molecules, minimal side effects and cost. Lepidium sativum (garden cress) is a plant whose parts have been reportedly employed in the treatment of conditions like inflammation, diabetes, pyretism, hemorrhage and hypertension. This histopathological study sought to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of L. sativum on the tissues of the pancreas, kidney, and liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining method of histopathology was employed and the cytotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatoxic effects on the pancreatic Islet cells, kidney and liver were attenuated on treatment with different doses of aqueous extracts of L. sativum plant.
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