Nowadays, the changes of the world are entering era of industrial revolution 4.0, which is all aspects human life depend on digital technology. Preparing qualified graduates, gaining to compete globally, mastering technological developments are important for learning especially for the future of education in Indonesia. Science is one of the subjects that is related to technology which includes aspects of products, processes, scientific attitudes, and applications. Science as a product in the form a body of knowledge consist of concepts, principles, laws, and theories must be able to contribute in creative human formation for industrial generation 4.0. Thus, the direction of development and utilization of technology in science learning should be able to help students become a superior generation, innovative, and able to compete in all fields. Augmented Reality (AR), is one of the latest technologies in the 4.0 industrial revolution that is applied in the world of education. Augmented Reality is an application of combining the real world with cyberspace in two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms projected in a real environment at the same time and is very relevant to be applied in science learning. This research method uses literature review by searching for sources that are relevant to the object of this research. Thus Augmented Reality (AR) is one solution to fix the problem of science learning in the industrial revolution era 4.0 that is able to accommodate science learning.

This study aimed to examine the effect of the use of mobile-based Augmented Reality media to improve student learning motivation in SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta on the science subject. The study used a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest control design. The tests of mobile-based augmented reality media in learning and learning motivation were conducted on the research subjects, seventh-grade students of Muhammadiyah 1 Junior High School Surakarta, with cluster random sampling. It was found that, based on the scores obtained from the statistical test with SPSS 20 program, the sig. level was 0.002, smaller than 0.025 (0.000<0.025). This shows that there is a different significant mean score between the control class and the experimental class. Therefore, the mobile-based augmented reality media influences the classroom learning process, which is shown by the increase in student learning motivation in the learning process.

<p class="ContentAbstrak">Teaching social science in elementary schools is not only conveying theories but also real forms of implementation and problems that often arise in the daily environment, so as to develop students' critical thinking in reconstructing events and the values contained therein. However, the media and learning methods used today have not been able to improve students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills through the application of collaboration between PBL and IBL models using video. The research subjects were elementary school students in Surakarta. This research design uses classroom action research which consists of three cycles. The results showed that critical thinking skills increased in each cycle. In the first cycle, 50.33% of critical thinking skills in the second cycle increased to 69.83% and in the third cycle increased to 78.38%. So the conclusion from the results of this study is that the implementation of PBL and IBL models through video media is proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills.</p>

Teaching social science in elementary schools is not only conveying theories but also real forms of implementation and problems that often arise in the daily environment. This is be able to develop students' critical thinking in reconstructing events and the values contained therein. However, the media and learning methods used today have not been able to improve students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyse the improvement students' critical thinking skills through the application of collaboration between PBL and IBL models using video. The research subjects were elementary school students who were in grade 5, consisting of 30 students. The instrument used for data collection in this study was a descriptive description test. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical technique. This research design uses classroom action research which consists of three cycles. The results showed that critical thinking skills increased in each cycle. In the first cycle, 50.33% of critical thinking skills in the second cycle increased to 69.83% and in the third cycle increased to 78.38%. So the conclusion from the results of this study is that the implementation of PBL and IBL models through video media is proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills, thus, it is proven that the integration between innovative learning models and learning media contributes positively to the improvement of students' abilities and competencies.

<span lang="EN-US">Technology in education encourages more effective learning facilitation processes. The lack of variation and innovation in the use of technology used in the form of learning media as a means of supporting learning activities raises many new problems for educational institutions. This research aims to identify the need to create innovations in the implementation of science learning, whose research focus is to analyze the needs for developing smartphone-based innovative augmented reality (AR) learning media. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Teachers and students of junior high schools in Surakarta became the subject of this research. The results showed that students were less focused and unmotivated when participating in the learning process. In addition, the use of learning media is still conventional and not interactive, even though currently all students have smartphones. Based on field facts, the media used by teachers still tends to be conventional, and the majority of students have technological devices such as smartphones, there is great potential for developing innovative technology-based learning media. Smartphone ownership and the lack of interactive learning media are important foundations in innovating the development of smartphone-based augmented reality.</span>