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The present-day reality that young children use digital media has forced parents to balance the risks and opportunities of the content that their children may encounter online. Current

The present study aims to further corroborate and to extend the scope of previous findings regarding the path of influence between negative affectivity, need for reparation and fear of punishment when examining the determinants and the motivational components of guilt. Data were collected from three different European countries (i.e. Italy, Hungary, and the Czech Republic). About 1100 young adolescents were involved in the research. The generalizability of a nomological network linking individual differences in Negative Affectivity to Need for Reparation, Fear of Punishment, Prosocial Behaviour, and Aggression has been investigated across countries and gender, by means of structural equation modelling. Need for Reparation turns out to be positively related to Prosocial Behaviour and negatively related to Aggression. Fear for Punishment turns out to be positively related to Aggression and negatively related to Prosocial Behaviour, with the exception of Hungary. Alternative paths of influence among considered variables have been examined. Practical implications for prevention and education are underlined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study deals with the question of how therapists naturally develop an integrative perspective. A grounded theory analysis was conducted, based on retrospective interviews with seven experienced therapists (working together in the same training program). Adoption of an integrative perspective was found to be an unintended consequence of the development towards an autonomous personal therapeutic approach. This development is directed by two autonomous criteria (congruence and perceived efficacy) and results in intuitive integration. Complementary to this aspect is a heteronomous line of personal therapeutic approach development, characterized by two criteria (adherence and legitimization) and leading to identification. Autonomy and heteronomy are understood as general principles along which a therapist's development can be organized.

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An historical study of humanistic psychology in Czechoslovakia during the Communist interregnum of the Cold War is presented. It is argued that the Marxist milieu and censorship affected the introduction of humanistic psychology to the psychological landscape of Czechoslovakia. The shape of humanistic psychology and techniques used to evade Marxist censorship is discussed, along with the reasons Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers received much attention from Czechoslovak psychologists. Reflections and criticism of humanistic psychology are explored. Two special sections discuss the life and work of Stanislav Kratochvfl, the earliest advocate of humanistic psychology in Czechoslovakia, and review psychotherapy institutions and individuals who today profess a humanistic psychology orientation.