Bogunovic I., Duralija B., Gadze J., Kisic I. (2015): Biostimulant usage for preserving strawberries to climate damages. Hort. Sci., 42: 132-140.Climate changes affect horticultural production through the occurrence of late spring frosts. Therefore plant management is gaining more importance with the aim of improving plant condition. The research deals with the biostimulator containing amino-acids of animal origin (porcine blood) which can be obtained by chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of an organic matrix. During vegetation period different cultivars of strawberries were included in the experiment: Asia, Alba and Clery. The effects of biostimulator on resistance to frost, yields and pomological characteristics were studied at three treatments (0.5 , 1.0 and 1.5 g/plant, and control 0 g/plant). The results showed that all investigated cultivars had a positive response to biostimulant application regarding the frost resistance. Natural frost resistance was the strongest for cv. Clery. Significantly lowest percentage of damage was recorded for cv. Alba at 1.5 g and cvs Clery and Alba at 0.5 g. In the case of late spring frosts and other climatic hazards for growing outdoors cvs Clery and Alba are recommended. All cultivars recorded decreased yields. The difference in yields between cultivars was a consequence of frost damages.
SUMMARYThis paper presents the use of the computer-graphics model IntErO, based on the Erosion Potential Method of Gavrilovic, for calculation of runoff and sediment yield in the Pisevska Rijeka Watershed of Montenegro. Specific physical-geographical inputs needed for the calculation of soil erosion intensity we imported in the IntErO model, what allowed the quantification of the effects of soil erosion, sediment yield and runoff on the environment of the studied region. The value of Z coefficient of 0.370 indicates that the river basin belongs to 4 th destruction category (of five). The strength of the erosion process is weak, and according to the erosion type, it is intrusive erosion. The calculated peak discharge from the river basin was 253 m 3 s -1 for the incidence of 100 years. Production of erosion material in the river basin, Wyear, is 11031 m 3 yar -1 . The net soil loss for the studied river basin was 4903 m³ per year, 372 m³ per kilometer per year respectively. According to our calculations there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied river basin of Pisevska Rijeka. Having in mind this, but also the previous research experiences gained in the other neighboring watersheds of the North of Montenegro, the IntErO model is recommended for soil erosion modeling in other river basins similar to the studied watershed, because of its simple identification of critical areas affected by soil erosion.
<p>In the Mediterranean part of Croatia, wildfires have increased in recent decades raising concerns about soil degradation. Post-wildfire stabilization treatments are used in fire affected areas due to their easy application and possible beneficial effects on soil quality. On 28 July 2019, a moderate to high severity wildfire affected about 900 ha in the central part of Mediterranean, Croatia (43&#176;45'N 15&#176;56'E; 105 m a.s.l.). Wildfire mostly affected abandoned grassing with a dominant culture Aleppo pine (<em>Pinus halepensis</em>), and olive groves (<em>Olea europaea</em>). The effects of wildfire (control (C); uncovered burned soil), and two post-wildfire stabilization treatments (mulches); pine needles (PM) and olive leaves (OM) were evaluated on soil samples (0&#8211;5 cm depth) taken during 5 sampling campaigns; 25 days after fire (DAF), 3 months after fire (MAF), 6 MAF, 9 MAF, and 12 MAF. One treatment covered 10 m<sup>2</sup>, and mulches were applied in 0.5 kg m<sup>-2</sup>. The non-destructive analytic method, X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), was used to determine the behavior of total concentrations of nutrients and pollutants in all soil samples. The results showed that Al and P were significantly lowest at PM 12 MAF compared to other dates. The P was also significantly lowest at C 3 MAF than other dates. The Ti was significantly lowest at PM 12 MAF then C treatment, while the Zn was significantly different between PM and OM treatments 12 MAF, with highest values at PM. The Si didn&#8217;t vary significantly under mulch treatments, but in C was significantly highest 12 MAF in regard to 25 DAF. The K was significantly highest at both mulch treatments 3 MAF, regard to other dates and C treatment. The Pb showed significant changes only in PM between 3 and 12 MAF, with highest concentrations 12 MAF. The S showed significant difference in C between 25 DAF and 12 MAF with the highest 25 DAF. The effects of fire and mulches during the first post-fire year didn&#8217;t show significant change of Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Th concentrations. These results show that PM had a more notable impact on the concentrations of major and minor topsoil elements in comparison to OM. However, it is concluded that more time is required to complete mulch decomposition and possible increment in soil quality.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> The work was supported by Croatian science foundation under the project &#8220;Influence of Summer Fire on Soil and Water Quality&#8221; (IP-2018-01-1645).</p>
Spoljar A., Kisic I., Peremin Volf, T., Kamenjak D., Kaucic D.: Influence of climate change on soil water regime in Koprivnica-Krizevci County. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 178-187, 2014.The influence of climate change on soil water regime was investigated in the area of Koprivnica- -Krizevci County (Republic of Croatia). Water balance calculations were done for three climatic stations using Thornthwaite and Palmer water balance methods. In the 18-year period (from 1991 to 2008), compared with the previously observed 30-year period (from 1961 to 1990), the increase in average mean annual temperature was 1°C. Regarding the global warming, there was an increase in plant water potential during the investigated period. Compared with the previous period and according to Thornthwaite and Palmer methods, there was an increase in water deficit. Negative linear trend in precipitation was detected for all climate stations in the investigated area (p > 0.05) as well as positive linear trend in mean annual temperature (p < 0.05). The calculation of linear trend in water deficit in soil, according to Thornthwaite method, shows that by the year 2020 there could be an increase in water deficit by an average of 13 mm (p > 0.05), whereas according to the Palmer method there could be an increase by an average of 9 mm (p < 0.05 only for the climate station in Krizevci).
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