Genes related to the response to drought stress in leaf and root tissue of drought-susceptible (DS) and tolerant (DT) genotypes were characterized by RNA-Seq. In total, 54,750 transcripts, representative of 28,590 genes, were identified; of these, 1,648 were of high-fidelity (merge of 12 libraries) and described for the first time in the Andean germplasm. From the 1,239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 458 were identified in DT, with a predominance of genes in categories of oxidative stress, response to stimulus and kinase activity. Most genes related to oxidation-reduction terms in roots were early triggered in DT (T75) compared to DS (T150) suggestive of a mechanism of tolerance by reducing the damage from ROS. Among the KEGG enriched by DEGs up-regulated in DT leaves, two related to the formation of Sulfur-containing compounds, which are known for their involvement in tolerance to abiotic stresses, were common to all treatments. Through qPCR, 88.64% of the DEGs were validated. A total of 151,283 variants were identified and functional effects estimated for 85,780. The raw data files were submitted to the NCBI database. A transcriptome map revealed new genes and isoforms under drought. These results supports a better understanding of the drought tolerance mechanisms in beans.
Indirect selection based on highly correlated characters is a common strategy in genetic improvement to quickly and accurately identify genotypes with good agronomic characteristics. The objective of this research study was to quantify existing associations between root agronomic and anatomical characters in maize (Zea mays L.) populations for possible indirect selection. The following agronomic characters were considered: Plant height, ear insertion height, relative ear position, plant lodging, plant breakage, and grain productivity. Measured anatomical characters included total root area, central cylinder area, epidermis thickness, exodermis thickness, endodermis thickness, cortical parenchyma thickness, number of metaxylem vessels, phloem area, cortex thickness, and metaxylem area. The genotypic correlation analysis showed significant associations at the 1% probability level between the following anatomical and agronomic characters: Endodermis thickness and plant height, exodermis thickness and plant breakage, and exodermis thickness and grain productivity. The canonical analysis of variance showed significant effects by the chi-square test for three of the five canonical pairs. The first canonical pair showed a positive relationship between plant height and total root area (4.142) and a negative relationship with the central cylinder area (-4.080), indicating that genotypes with greater total root area and lower central cylinder area can give rise to larger plants. These results indicated the possibility of an indirect selection of taller or shorter plants in the earlier growth stages using anatomical root characters.
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