Introduction/Objective Presbycusis, elderly hearing loss, is a progressive, bilateral sensoryneural hearing loss characterized by reduced sensitivity of hearing and understanding speech in a noisy environment, thereby impairing communication and inducing anxiety. The objective was to examine the impact of hearing amplification on subjective hearing disability assessment and anxiety in people with presbycusis. Method Sample consisted of 120 respondents aged 47-85 with presbycusis, 60 subjects with and 60 subjects with no auditory amplification. The standardized Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly and the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory were used in the study. Results In subjects with hearing amplification, test/retest has no statistical significance in the STAI and HHIE scales and subscales, except the HHIE-S (p = 0.004) with a lower score on the retest. Respondents in whom hearing amplification was performed during the year was statistically significant in HHIE (p = 0.016), HHIE-S (p = 0.004) and STAI-S (p = 0.029) which speaks of favorable effect of hearing amplification. In the group with no hearing amplification, statistical significance was observed in relation to the HHIE scores (p = 0.002), HHIE-E (p = 0.000), STAI (p = 0.000), STAI-S (p = 0.001) and STAI-T (p = 0.001) and it was noticed that anxiety, loss of emotional contacts, and more pronounced degree of hearing impairment were the result of unassisted hearing rehabilitation. Conclusion Audiological practice should include tests for assessment of hearing disability and anxiety in order to preserve health in later life.
Two optimized adaptive digital signal processors were implemented to the preset time count rate meters. Three mean count rate meters, based on the developed adaptive digital signal processors, were realized and were used for experimental validation of proposed adaptive digital signal processors. The experimental results, conducted without and with radioisotope for the specified errors of 10% and 5%, showed to agree well with theoretical predictions.
In the paper is considered about the different approaches of fractions that are the basic for conceptual understanding all meanings of the fractions: 1) the part-whole relationship; 2) a relationship of two sizes, of scale; 3) a fraction as an operation resulting from the combination of two multiplicative operations at an intuitive level; 4) a fraction as an amount (Lamon, 1999; Charalambos and Pitta-Pantazi, 2007). The aim of the research is to test knowledge of students that shows understanding of the above approaches. In the study was used a descriptive test method and techigue. The results of the research show that understanding the fractions is limited with understanding the part-whole starting approach. In solving problems, students don`t use e visualization and modeling to facilitate the process of solving problems and show a degree of understanding of the fractures. The student's achievements are viewed in the context of the needs and ways of introducing different approaches to fractions into the curriculum and teaching practice.
Despotess Irene was considered the second person of the Serbian despotate in Serbian historiography. Owing to Serbian and Byzantine sources that mention her actions, this paper attempts to answer the question of her joint rule with despot Đurađ Branković in Serbian state, as an independent political factor. The first example of this is Efsigmen Charter from 1429, which the despot issued together with his wife. In addition, the miniature on Irene's charter shows her with a sceptre in her hand, a royal sign, although her and Đurađ's son had already been nominated for the heir to the throne, as indicated by the red shoes. Her activity is seen in the presence of a large number of Byzantines in Serbia, and then in the administration of the Serbian state. Of the Byzantines who lived in Serbia, the brother of the despotess Irene, Toma Kantakouzene was very important. He became the commander of the Serbian army, which was very unusual for the Middle Ages in Serbia. In 1435, during Đurađ's visit to Požun, Irene ruled the country as we know, based on the Dubrovnik mission she received. In addition, the despotess was a member of the state council, and most likely the court council. Mavro Orbini left a note on Irene's role in the diplomatic marriage between Mara Branković and Sultan Murad II, which Serbia used as means of preventing the Ottoman attack on the country. The fact that most points to Irene's active political role is the question of the successor of the despot Đurađ. Mavro Orbini and Michael Kritovoulos wrote that Đurađ Branković appointed his wife to rule after his death, which was certainly related to the division in the family due to the deprivation of the throne of the blinded Grgur. Thus, Irene would be a person around whom the family would gather and reconcile, and who would rule the country. Her sudden death and the transfer of part of the ruling family to the Ottoman territory subsequently confirmed her right to power and the division that existed between the Branković family over the ruler and the country's foreign policy.
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