The optimized methods for N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl substituted thioureas
synthesis starting from ammonium thiocyanates, waste water constituent from
the production of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTS), and alkyl amine, are
presented in this work. Therefore, thioureas synthesis was developed in two
ways: Method I - reaction of the thiocyanate and alkylamine in the presence
of hydrochloric acid; Method II - reaction of the thiocyanate with benzoyl
chloride following by amine addition in the first step, and base hydrolysis
in the second step. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed
by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS instrumental methods, and purity was determined
by high-performance liquid chromatography method. It is shown that the
proposed methods offer a high degree of conversion and purity of product,
absence of by-products and technological applicability at industrial scale.
Considering importance of the tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and TMTS as
vulcanization accelerators as well as thiourea as the pharmacologically
active compounds, it can be said that application of the optimized methods of
thiourea synthesis will provide significant improvement in sustainable
development and implementation of eco-friendly production technology. The
described, environmentally benign process of thioureas synthesis, represent a
suitable option to existing methods. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
Srbije, br. 43007: Exploring the impact of climate change on the living
environment: monitoring of impact, adaptation, mitigation]
Magnetite (MG) modified cellulose membrane (Cell-MG), obtained by reaction of
3-aminosilane and subsequently with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
dianhydride functionalized waste Cell fibers (Cell-NH2 and Cell-DTPA,
respectively), and amino-modified diatomite was used for Azoxystrobin and
Iprodione removal from water. Cell-MG membrane was structurally and
morphologically characterized using FT-IR and FE-SEM techniques. The
influences of operational parameters, i.e. pH, contact time, temperature,
and the mass of adsorbent on adsorption and kinetics were studied in a batch
system. The calculated capacities of 35.32 and 30.16 mg g-1 for Azoxystrobin
and Iprodione, respectively, were obtained from non-linear Langmuir model
fitting. Weber-Morris model fitting indicates the main contribution of
intra-particle diffusion to overall mass transport resistance. Thermodynamic
data indicate spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. The reusability of
adsorbent and results from wastewater purification showed that Cell-MG could
be used as general-purpose adsorbent. The adsorbent/adsorbate surface
interaction was considered from the results obtained using density
functional theory (DFT) and calculation of molecular electrostatic potential
(MEP). Thus, a better understanding of the relation between the adsorption
performances and contribution of non-specific and specific interactions to
adsorption performances and design of novel adsorbent with improved
properties was deduced
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