Daily physical activity is necessary for good quality of life among the elderly. It usually happens that with the advent of years, the extent of exercise decreases among the elderly, which could have negative effects on their health. It is very important to point out that if the health results allow it, it is never too late to begin with programmed training and physical exercise. If it is carried out under supervision, the possibility of injury is significantly reduced. The subject matter of this research are studies published from 2000 to 2016, which focused on the effects of physical activity on the balance of individuals over the age of 60. The aim of this review is the compilation of the appropriate literature on physical activity, as well as the clarification on whether there are effects of the physical activity on the balance of the elderly. This overview included 24 research papers. The results of this study confirm the positive effect of physical activity on the balance of the elderly. It has been proven that several weeks of a standardized exercise program, based on the increase in joint mobility, cardio-vascular exercise, strengthening the stability of the pelvic region, and proprioceptive exercise can improve balance skills and reduce the perception of pain. For elderly individuals with specific risk factors for falls, the recommendation is specific aquatic exercise programs which will improve balance and strengthen the lower extremities.
Flat feet (pes planus) represents one of the most frequent deformities of the lower extremities which occurs with the collapse of the physiological arches of the feet. The causes of flat feet are numerous. One of the main causes is excessive weight and obesity, problems which this review paper meant to explain by analyzing the works of authors who dealt with this problem from 2000 to 2017. The prevalence of flat feet varies depending on several factors, but all the authors agree that obesity increases the percentage of the prevalence of flat feet among children. The influence of physical activity on any changes to the status of the arches of the feet and a decrease in body weight have been the focus of very few authors. The recommendation is for this problem to be analyzed more because of the positive results that the application of physical activity has on postural status and disorders of the feet. The prevalence of flat feet differs depending on the geographical area, but also depending on age and gender.
The foot represents one of the most complicated anatomical segments of the human body. As, phylogenetically speaking, the youngest organ of “homo erectus”, the foot is subject to various disorders and deformities. Flat feet (pes planus) represent one of the most frequent deformities of the lower extremities, with a loss of the normal physiological arches. The subject matter of this research is the prevalence of flat feet among preschool children. The aim of this review paper is to identify and sum up the relevant literature on the frequency of pes planus and the factors of occurrence among preschool children. The analyzed papers have all been published in the period from 2000 to 2016. The paper implements a descriptive method. The research results indicate an increased prevalence of flat feet approximately around the age of 3, and a decrease around the age of 6. The main factor of occurrence is usually obesity, and the deformity occurs more frequently among boys. The conclusion is that by controlling body weight, daily physical activity, as well as an adequate corrective treatment, we might decrease the prevalence of flat feet and foot deformities among preschool children.
SažetakUrbani turizam predstavlja značajan oblik turizma u poslednjih nekoliko decenija, naročito za zemlje koje nemaju razvijenu turističku ponudu, a posebno su postali popularni oblici turizma u kojima osnovni izvor informacija čini lokalno stanovništvo. Zbog toga su nam njihovi doživljaji grada u kojem žive veoma važni.U ovom istraživanju je ispitano kako stanovnici Novog Sada doživljavaju gradske prešačke zone, sa ciljem da se mapiraju načini na koje oni koriste ovaj prostor, kako ga doživljavaju i koje konstrukte na njemu primenjuju. Budući da sličnih istraživanja ovog prostora nema, istraživanje je kvalitativno, eksplorativno. Sprovedeno je na uzorku od 22 ispitanika, uzrasta od 21 do 63 godine. Primenjene tehnike za ispitivanje su polustrukturisani intervju i slobodna elicitacija konstrukata.Istraživanje je ukazalo na veliki broj raznolikih doživljaja cele pešačke zone, ali i mnogih njenih delova i sadržaja.Utvrđeno je i više konstrukata kojima se ispitanici služe da opišu pešačku zonu i da je ocene kao prijatan ili neprijatan ambijent za boravak, koji se donekle poklapaju sa onima koji su izdvojeni u drugim istraživanjima, ali i onih koji su specifični za ovo okruženje. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu biti dobre smernice za urbanistički i kulturni razvoj ovog dela grada.Ključne reči: Urbana psihologija, Pešačka zona Novog Sada, Lični konstrukti NOVI SAD PEDESTRIAN ZONE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL INHABITANTS -potentials for urban development AbstractUrban tourism has gained much significance recently, and is especially important for the countries with underdeveloped tourism offers. The demand for its forms in which the main source of information about the city are local residents has also increased. This is why it is important to study the ways in which the inhabitants experience the environment they live in.Hence, this research concerns the local inhabitants' experiences of the Novi Sad pedestrian zone, the most attractive part of the city. The goal of the research is to present their different experiences and constructs they use to describe and evaluate it. Since there are no previous attempts to gain insight into it, the approach to the subject is qualitative and exploratory. 22 residents (21-63 years of age) were interviewed and were assigned to elicit constructs.The research gave an insight into a spectrum of different experiences of the whole pedestrian zone, as well as its many parts and aspects. The inhabitants elicited many constructs which they use to describe and evaluate it, some of which are similar to the ones found in other parts of the world, while others are specific for Novi Sad. The results provide guidelines for urban and cultural development of the city.
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