The number of global open-source hydrometeorological datasets and models is large and growing. However, with a constantly growing demand for services and tools from stakeholders, not only in the water sector, we still lack simple solutions, which are easy to use for nonexperts. The new R package incorporates the BROOK90 hydrologic model and global open-source datasets used for parameterization and forcing. The aim is to estimate the vertical water fluxes within the soil–water–plant system of a single site or of a small catchment (<100 km2). This includes data scarce regions where no hydrometeorological measurements or reliable site characteristics can be obtained. The end-user only needs to provide a location and the desired period. The package automatically downloads the necessary datasets for elevation (Amazon Web Service Terrain Tiles), land cover (Copernicus: Land Cover 100 m), soil characteristics (ISRIC: SoilGrids250), and meteorological forcing (Copernicus: ERA5 reanalysis). Subsequently these datasets are processed, specific hydrotopes are created, and BROOK90 is applied. In a last step, the output data of all desired variables on a daily scale as well as time-series plots are stored. A first daily and monthly validation based on five catchments within various climate zones shows a decent representation of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff components. A considerably better performance is achieved for a monthly scale.
Abstract. Observation and estimation of evaporation is a challenging task. Evaporation occurs on each surface and is driven by different energy sources. Thus the correct process approximation in modelling of the terrestrial water balance plays a crucial part. Here, we use a physically-based 1D lumped soil-plant-atmosphere model (BROOK90) to study the role of parameter selection and meteorological input for modelled evaporation on the point scale. Then, with the integration of the model into global, regional and local frameworks, we made cross-combinations out of their parameterization and forcing schemes to analyse the associated model uncertainty. Five sites with different land uses (grassland, cropland, deciduous broadleaf forest, two evergreen needleleaf forests) located in Saxony, Germany were selected for the study. All combinations of the model setups were validated using FLUXNET data and various goodness of fit criteria. The output from a calibrated model with in-situ meteorological measurements served as a benchmark. We focused on the analysis of the model performance with regard to different time-scales (daily, monthly, and annual). Additionally, components of evaporation are addressed, including their representation in BROOK90. Finally, all results are discussed in the context of different sources of uncertainty: model process representation, input meteorological data and evaporation measurements themselves.
The lack and inefficiency of urban drainage systems, as well as extreme precipitation, can lead to system overloading and, therefore, an urban pluvial flood. The study brings insights into this phenomenon from the perspective of the statistical relationship between precipitation and flooding parameters. The paper investigates the possibility of predicting sewer overloading based on the characteristics of the upcoming rain event using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and statistical methods. Additionally, it examines the influence of precipitation resolution on the model sensitivity regarding floods. The study is set in a small urban catchment in Dresden (Germany) with a separated stormwater sewer system (SWSS). The flood-event-based calibrated model runs with observed and designed heavy rain events of various sums, durations, and intensities. Afterward, the analysis focuses on precipitation and model overloading parameters (total flood volume, maximum flooding time and flow rate, and maximum nodal water depth) with pairwise correlation and multi-linear regression (MLR). The results indicate that it is possible to define a certain threshold (or range) for a few precipitation characteristics, which could lead to an urban flood, and fitting MLR can noticeably improve the predictability of the SWSS overloading parameters. The study concludes that design and observed rain events should be considered separately and that the resolution of the precipitation data (1/5/10 min) does not play a significant role in SWSS overloading.
The recently presented Global BROOK90 automatic modeling framework combines a non-calibrated lumped hydrological model with ERA5 reanalysis data as the main driver, as well as with global elevation, land cover and soil datasets. The focus is to simulate the water fluxes within the soil–water–plant system of a single plot or of a small catchment especially in data-scarce regions. The comparison to runoff is an obvious choice for the validation of this approach. Thus, we choose for validation 190 small catchments (with a median size of 64 km2) with discharge observations available within a time period of 1979–2020 and located all over the globe. They represent a wide range of relief, land cover and soil types within all climate zones. The simulation performance was analyzed with standard skill-score criteria: Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, Kling–Gupta Efficiency, Kling–Gupta Efficiency Skill Score and Mean Absolute Error. Overall, the framework performed well (better than mean flow prediction) in more than 75% of the cases (KGESS > 0) and significantly better on a monthly rather than on a daily scale. Furthermore, it was found that Global BROOK90 outperforms GloFAS-ERA5 discharge reanalysis. Additionally, cluster analysis revealed that some of the catchment characteristics have a significant influence on the framework performance. HIGHTLIGHTS The study evaluates the runoff component performance of the Global BROOK90 automatic framework for hydrological modeling. Discharge observations from 190 small catchments located all over the globe were used. Satisfactory results for more than 75% of the catchments were achieved. KGE decomposition and influence of catchment characteristics on the framework performance were discussed.
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