The Navruz Project is a cooperative, transboundary, river monitoring project involving rivers and institutions in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan facilitated by Sandia National Laboratories in the U.S. The Navruz Project focuses on waterborne radionuclides and metals because of their importance to public health and nuclear materials proliferation concerns in the region. Data obtained in this project are shared among all participating countries and the public through an internet web site and are available for use in further studies and in regional transboundary water resource management efforts. Overall, the project addresses three main goals: to help increase capabilities in Central Asian nations for sustainable water resources management; to provide a scientific basis for supporting nuclear transparency and non-proliferation in the region; and to help reduce the threat of conflict in Central Asia over water resources, proliferation concerns, or other factors.The Navruz project has a duration of three years. This document contains the reports from each of the participating institutions following the first year of data collection. While a majority of samples from the Navruz project are within normal limits, a preliminary anaylsis does indicate a high concentration of selenium in the Kazakhstan samples. Uzbekistan samples contain high uranium and thorium concentrations, as well as elevated leves of chromium, antimony and cesium. Additionally, elevated concentrations of radioactive isotopes have been deteced at one Tajikistan sampling location. Further anaylsis will be published in a subsequent report.4
The study is devoted to the development of methods for predicting the brittle fracture of a steel part with a crack. To describe the limit state of the fracture process zone, a mathematical model of the fracture process zone in an elasticplastic stress state and the generalized brittle fracture theory have been used.The cleavage stress and the size of the fracture process zone are used as parameters for the fracture toughness of the material. A finite element analysis approach was developed to determine these parameters by considering the elastic-plastic stress state of cracked specimens. An analytical procedure for calculating the above parameters for low-carbon and low-alloy steels is given.The proposed models allow the analytical calculation of critical values of the stress intensity factor for specimens with cracks at negative temperatures. The development of this study is linked to the improvement of the technology for determining the physical strength criteria of materials. The application of the proposed models makes it possible to create a methodology for predicting crack resistance of welded structures of arctic design considering their geometry and structural and technological characteristics.
Dynamic binary analysis, that is often used for full-system analysis, provides the analyst with a sequence of executed instructions and the content of RAM and system registers. This data is hard to process, as it is low-level and demands a deep understanding of studied system and a high-skileed professional to perform the analysis. To simplify the analysis process, it is necessary to bring the input data to a more user-friendly form, i.e. provide high-level information about the system. Such high-level information would be the program execution flow. To recover the flow of execution of a program, it is important to have an understanding of the procedures being called in it. You can get such a representation using the function call stack for a specific thread. Building a call stack without information about the running threads is impossible, since each thread is uniquely associated with one stack, and vice versa. In addition, the very presence of information about flows increases the level of knowledge about the system, allows you to more subtly profile the object of research and conduct a highly focused analysis, applying the principles of selective instrumentation. The virtual machine only provides low-level data, thus, there is a need to develop a method for automatic identification of threads in the system under study, based on the available data. In this paper, the existing approaches to the implementation of obtaining high-level information in full-system analysis are considered and a method is proposed for recovering thread info during full-system emulation with a low degree of OS-dependency. Examples of practical use of this method in the implementation of analysis tools are also given, namely: restoring the call stack, detecting suspicious return operations, and detecting calls to freed memory in the stack. The testing presented in the article shows that the slowdown imposed by the described algorithms allows working with the system under study, and comparison with the reference data confirms the correctness of the results obtained by the algorithms.
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