At present, modern ways to protect a varnish coating of cars have become widespread among motorists. Small particles of dirt, dust, winter reagents, minuses of car wash systems, a large number of stones on the road do not have the best effect on car cover. All operational impacts destroy the protective paintwork, after which the steel car body is no longer able to resist the effects of the environment. The body begins to rust and deteriorate. The car eventually loses its appearance, ceases to shine, becomes opaque. Reduction of adverse operational impacts on the paint coating of the car is achieved by modern methods of protection. A wide distribution in the market of automobile cosmetics was produced by protective polishes based on wax or synthetic constituents. It is connected with their small cost and ease of application. The flagship on auto market for the protection of car paint coating is armor plate. This is a protective transparent film with a thickness of approximately 100 microns, providing the maximum degree of protection. Thus, with the help of modern means of protecting paint coating, one can minimize the negative impact of the environment and prolong youth to a car.
The paper presents the results of comparative studies of the selection of micromodels of traffic simulation on a regulated network. The accuracy of the calculated values of vehicle speed obtained from the models of catastrophe theory is shown. Based on model studies it was found that, depending on frequency of buses the optimal distance to the stop line changes, from which it is efficient to make decision on priority intersection. The paper estimates the probability of traffic light options with different volume of priority vehicles.
Building fire is one of the most frequent disasters. The mechanical properties of concrete and steel will deteriorate to different degrees under fire exposure, thus weakening the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out research on the bearing capacity of RC members subjected to fire. To study the residual shear capacity of post-fire RC beams under indirect loading, static load tests were carried out on six full-scale RC beams to investigate the development of diagonal cracks and failure modes under an indirect load. Numerical models were established with ABAQUS to study the effect of the shear span-to-depth ratio and stirrup ratio on the residual shear capacity of the tested beams after fire exposure, and the shear capacity calculation method of indirectly loaded beams after high temperature is proposed. The results indicate that although the fire had no obvious affect on the failure mode of the beam under indirect loading, the fire aggravated the failure degree of the beams without additional transverse reinforcement. Moreover, the ultimate bending capacity of beams with additional transverse reinforcement decreased obviously after fire. The residual shear capacity of indirectly-loaded beams subjected to fire decreased compared with the directly-loaded beams due to the variation in the shear span-to-depth ratio and stirrup ratio. The shear capacity theoretical calculation results of the indirectly-loaded beam after high temperature were in good agreement with the tested results, and the average absolute error was 3.88%. Therefore, this calculation method for an indirectly loaded beam with a shear span-to-depth ratio less than 3.0 after fire as proposed in this paper was effective. The findings of this study are expected to provide a reference for the improved fire-resistant design of RC structures under indirect loading.
The article provides a rationale for the transition from the existing estimation methods of traffic conditions, focused on a single car-laboratory, to total "floating" cars methods of estimation at the network level. The paper presents the results of cluster and dispersion analyzes of experimental data. Based on these results it was concluded that a reliable estimation of the proportion of simultaneously stopped cars can be carried out when measuring traffic parameters with different time discreteness in the range from 1 to 180 seconds.
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