IntroductionThe steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is thought to protect against breast cancer. The activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and a number of polymorphisms in the VDR gene have been identified. These result in distinct genotypes, some of which may alter susceptibility to breast cancer. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the VDR gene (VDR), rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs2228570 (FokI), have been inconsistently associated with breast cancer risk. Increased risk has been reported for the FokI ff genotype, which encodes a less transcriptionally active isoform of VDR. A reduced risk has been reported for the BsmI BB genotype which may influence VDR mRNA stability.AimWe have investigated whether specific VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk in Kazakhstan women.Material and MethodsIn a case–control study, female breast cancer patients (315) and a female control group (n=604) were tested for two VDR polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS19.0.Results: The VDR rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphism was associated with an increased occurence of BC [rs2228570 (folk) ff vs. FF genotype: OR=1.71; 95% CI=1.21–2.43]. No association was noted between rs1544410 (BsmI) BB and breast cancer risk [OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.49–0.95].Conclusion: Although the factors that increase breast cancer susceptibility remain uncertain, future large studies should integrate genetic variation in VDR with biomarkers of vitamin D status. Additional testing on the effect of varying genotypes on the functional mechanisms of the VDR could help to improve future testing and treatment of woman at risk for breast cancer.
IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. In Kazakhstan, breast cancer holds first place among causes of women death caused by cancer in the 45–55 year age group. Many studies have shown that the risk of acquiring breast cancer may be related to the level of calcium in the blood serum. One of the important regulators of calcium metabolism in the body is the parathyroid hormone. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding the parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with breast cancer development risk, and may modify the associative interaction between the levels of calcium intake and breast cancer. Experimental studies have shown that PTH gene has a carcinogenic effect. At least three studies showed a weak positive correlation between the risk of acquiring breast cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism, a state with high levels of PTH and often high levels of calcium. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate potential association between PTH gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk among Kazakhstani women.MethodsFemale breast cancer patients (n = 429) and matched control women (n = 373) were recruited into a case – control study,. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood of study participants using Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, USA). Detection of PTH gene polymorphism (rs1459015) was done by means of the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay of real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0.ResultsPTH gene alleles were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Distribution was 59% CC, 35% CT, 6% TT in the group with breast cancer and 50% CC, 43% CT, 6% TT in the control group. Total difference (between the group with breast cancer and the control group) in allele frequencies for PTH polymorphism was not significant (p > 0.05). No association was found between rs1459015 TT and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.039; 95%, CI 0.740 – 1.297; p = 0.893).ConclusionWe found no association between PTHrs1459015 polymorphism and breast cancer in our present study. Further studies are required to confirm our results and clarify role of PTH gene genotypes on breast cancer risk.
Introduction: Fibrolamellar carcinoma is a rare primary hepatic malignant tumour, which was first described as a pathological variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim: The aim of the paper is to discuss the case report of surgical treatment of a multicentric form of presumably fibrolamellar carcinoma significantly exceeding the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system criteria, although tumour size and multi-organ lesions are not a contraindication to resection. Case study: This case report is an original one because the surgical intervention was performed on a patient with a multicentric fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with the initial foci of 16.0 × 12.0 × 9.0 cm and 10.5 × 8.7 × 7.5 cm. Results and discussion: The surgical intervention (right hemihepatectomy, lymphatic dissection D2) was performed as an independent treatment without prior chemotherapy. Conclusions: The surgical treatment occurred 5 years ago, and at the time of writing there has been no relapse and no sign of progression.
No abstract
Objective: To study the phenomena of complications of atypical distant lymphangitic metastasis by the example of gastric cancer. Methods: Within the framework of the study "Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and measures for its prevention", a clinical group and a control group of patients with the most likely risk of developing this genetic disease were recruited. DNA samples were taken from 119 patients of the main clinical group and the control group. In the course of filling out statistical charts, questioning and examination of patients, cases of distant lymphangitic and hematogenous metastasis were revealed in 7 patients. As diagnostic methods for distant lymphangitic and hematogenous metastasis, we used the results of studies of computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography of the whole body, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound methods, open biopsy and trephine-biopsy of lymph nodes. Results: Krukenberg's tumors were detected in 2 patients, Virchow's metastases-in 2 patients, metastases in the paraumbilical region-in 2 patients, Schnitzler metastases-in 1 patient, Irish node was detected in 1 of the examined patients. There was also a metastatic lesion of the lymph nodes of inguinal region on the left in 2 patients and one case of metastasis to the right testicle in a patient with true inguinal cryptorchidism. This article reflects one case of metastatic lesion of the inguinal nodes on the left and subsequent complications in the form of lymphostasis and pain syndrome. Conclusion: According to the classification of distant metastases in case of malignant neoplasms of the stomach, classical cases of metastases of Krukenberg, Virchow, Schnitzler, Sister Mary Joseph, and Irish were revealed. There is atypical metastasis to the inguinal nodes and to the undescended (true inguinal cryptorchidism) right testicle, which does not fall under the generally accepted classification of distant metastases of gastric cancer. Further tactics of treatment in the case of metastatic lesion to the inguinal regions in gastric cancer are not entirely clear, which requires an increase in the study of the amount of these clinical cases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.