Pediatric drugs pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics corresponds to the branch of pharmacology that studies the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs in the body, in order to proportionate a reference line for interpretation of drug concentration in biological fluids, fundamental for clinical therapy. While adult pharmacology has increase greatly, advances in pediatric pharmacology have been poor. Therefore, drug prescription in children is essentially empirical on the basis of an inmature organism. An effective, secure and rational pediatric pharmacology requires exhaustive knowledgement of the developmental changes in relation to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion affecting pharmacokinetics parameters; therefore, the effective dose. This review describes fundamental differences between adult and pediatric pharmacokinetics. These differences must be considered when therapeutic strategies develop for newborns and children.
Relative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy volunteers Background: The bioequivalence of different formulations of a same pharmaceutical product must be tested empirically. Aim: To evaluate the relative bioavailability for an oral formulation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (Linfonex TM) compared to the reference formulation (Cellcept TM) to determine the bioequivalence between both formulations. Material and Methods: A randomized, crossover, double-blind trial in 22 healthy male volunteers, who received a single oral dose of 1000 mg of Linfonex and Cellcept with a washout period of 10 days. Plasma levels of the drug were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations were plotted and maximum concentration, area under the plasma concentration versus time between 0 and 12 hours after administration and area under plasma concentration curve versus time after administration between 0 and infi nity, were calculated for both products. Results: The active compound, mycophenolic acid, was similarly absorbed in both formulations. No statistically signifi cant differences were found in calculated pharmacokinetic parameters between both formulations. Conclusions: Linfonex TM 500 mg is bioequivalent to Cellcept TM 500 mg.
Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the metabolism of antineoplastic drugs Cytochrome P450 enzymes are very important to metabolize anticarcinogenic agents. Therefore, understanding the role of these enzymes and their allele variants in the bioactivation or detoxification of drugs could greatly benefit antineoplastic pharmacotherapy. The aim of this manuscript is to give information about metabolizing enzymes for antineoplastic agents and to relate the current situation in antitumoral pharmacotherapy with recent knowledge about cytochrome P450 enzymes. This is crucial for the future perspectives towards personalized pharmacotherapy. We summarize the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the resistance and bioactivation of several antitumor agents, their induction and repression mechanisms and the effect of genetic polymorphisms on variability of drug metabolization. The understanding of genetic variability will help to develop new research lines on innovative therapeutic possibilities (
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