Geographical information systems (GIS) use for development of epidemiological maps in dengue has been extensively used, however not in other emerging arboviral diseases, nor in Central America. Surveillance cases data (2015) were used to estimate annual incidence rates of dengue and chikungunya (cases/100,000 pop) to develop the first maps in the departments and municipalities of Honduras. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1. Four thematic maps were developed according departments, municipalities, diseases incidence rates. A total of 19,289 cases of dengue and 85,386 of chikungunya were reported (median, 726 cases/week for dengue and 1460 for chikungunya). Highest peaks were observed at weeks 25th and 27th, respectively. There was association between progression by weeks (p<0.0001). The cumulated crude national rate was estimated in 224.9 cases/100,000 pop for dengue and 995.6 for chikungunya. The incidence rates ratio between chikungunya and dengue is 4.42 (ranging in municipalities from 0.0 up to 893.0 [San Vicente Centenario]). Burden of both arboviral diseases is concentrated in capital Central District (>37%, both). Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps allow to guide decisions-taking for prevention and control of diseases that still represents significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions.
Despite the increase in the life expectancy of children with CHD, 5 the residual defects remaining after surgery can have a negative impact on morbidity and mortality. 6 This has reoriented the paradigm of therapeutic management with the aim to optimise the
Introducción. Las escalas de esfuerzo percibido cuantifican la sensación causada por los cambios metabólicos durante el ejercicio. Debido a su inmadurez cognitiva, los niños necesitan instrumentos adaptados, motivo por el cual se desarrolló la escala de medición de esfuerzo percibido infantil, EPInfant. Objetivo. Determinar la validez y confiabilidad de la escala EPInfant durante una prueba de ejercicio de intensidad gradualmente creciente. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron niños de dos grupos de edad por categoría de desarrollo cognitivo: de 8 a 12 años (operaciones concretas) y de 13 a 15 años (inteligencia formal). Todos respondieron el test de Chester y se registraron su frecuencia cardiaca, la carga de trabajo y el esfuerzo percibido durante la prueba. Los coeficientes r de Pearson y de correlación intraclase se emplearon para determinar la validez y la confiabilidad. Resultados. De 75 niños participantes, 35 (18 hombres) se clasificaron en el grupo de operaciones concretas y 40 (20 hombres) en el de inteligencia formal. En los cuatro grupos la frecuencia cardiaca y el esfuerzo percibido se incrementaron durante la prueba (p<0,0001). El esfuerzo percibido se correlacionó con la frecuencia cardiaca en los grupos de operaciones concretas e inteligencia formal en hombres y mujeres: r=0,73, r=0,58, r=0,43 y r=0,62, respectivamente (p<0,0001). Los modelos de regresión fueron significativos en los cuatro grupos. En el subgrupo perteneciente a la etapa de operaciones concretas, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,88 (0,82-0,92) en hombres y de 0,94 (0,91-0,96) en mujeres. Conclusión. La escala EPInfant resultó válida para medir el esfuerzo percibido durante el ejercicio en niños y niñas con distintos niveles de madurez cognitiva, y fue confiable en los niños del grupo de operaciones concretas.Palabras clave: reproducibilidad de resultados, validez de las pruebas, estudios de validación como asunto, tolerancia al ejercicio, esfuerzo físico, cognición, niño, adolescente. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v36i1.2720 Initial validation of the scale of perceived exertion (EPInfant) in Chilean childrenIntroduction: Perceived exertion scales quantify the sensation caused by metabolic changes during exercise. Children need tailored tools due to their cognitive immaturity such as the EPInfant scale recently developed in Chile. Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of the EPInfant scale in children during a graded exercise test. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study for which we selected healthy children younger than 18 years and grouped them according to Piaget's stages of cognitive maturity: Concrete operations (8-12 years) and formal intelligence (13-15 years). The Chester step test was used and heart rate, workload and perceived exertion were recorded during the test. Pearson r and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess validity and reliability, respectively. Results: 75 children were admitted, 35 (18...
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