The article presents an analysis of prospects of development of mobile crushers for utilization ofrice straw using the method of assessing engineering and technical significance of inventions. The method consists of study of retrospective patent fund for previous 10-15 years which allows to make forecast of possible ways of technology development for the next 10-15 years. Based on obtained data of a patent, there was designed the graph of change in level of prospects of combine harvesters and mobile crushers by years of research. The presented results of forecast data showed that development of mobile crushers is a promising trend.
Theoretical justification of the choice of harvester propulsion for rice harvesting is presented in the paper. The main features of rice harvesting were described. Moreover, soil bearing capacity is the main factor that limited the use of different harvesters in the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar krai. Thus, the numerical model was developed to determine the specific types of harvesters. The model took into account correlations of design parameters and soil rheological properties with the rut depth. The results of the calculations made it possible to justify the mass of the harvester depending on the actual bearing capacity of the soil during the harvesting period for the conditions of the Krasnodar krai.
The work presents a tillage machine with vibrational electronic elements mounted on the working bodies, which allow reciprocal oscillating movements of the chisel bit and duckfoot shovels. Theoretical studies of the dependence of traction resistance reduction of a tillage machine on the influence of oscillations of the working bodies on the soil and on the unit’s speed. The oscillating movements of the working bodies will improve the quality of the main processing of heavy soils in gardens, reduce the energy intensity of a given process and increase productivity by increasing the unit’s speed.
In this work there was made the analysis of the valuable properties of peas and the problem of harvesting without losses, based on the description of the new way of harvesting the laid peas by direct combine harvesting, including the separation of stems from the soil and their transportation to threshing. The method differs in that the separation of the stems from the soil making by separation, and before separation, they are cut off in a vertical plane located on the side of the harvesting machine of the main array. There was offered a device for harvesting, as well as the results of the introduction of the method and device into production, which will increase the harvest in 1.7 times and will lead to a saving of diesel fuel by 34 %.
The paper provides an overview of patent developments - mounted and trailed mobile choppers-straw spreaders. Their analysis is carried out and the shortcomings in the process of chopping and field distribution of the non-cereal part of rice crop are indicated. A design of PIRS-2-2 mobile trailed rice straw chopper is proposed, which is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the choppers designed for chopping cereal straw. The use of this machine will ensure the required quality of rice straw chopping and uniform distribution of check plots to a given width.
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