During the growth of oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition, a strong oxygen substrate-to-film transfer has been experimentally observed for SrTiO 3 and LaAlO 3 thin films epitaxially grown on 18 O exchanged SrTiO 3 and LaAlO 3 substrates by secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. This oxygen transfer effect can seriously change the respective thin film properties. Taking the oxygen substrate contribution to the overall oxygen balance into account, original ways to design material properties of oxide thin films can be envisioned like a controlled charge carrier doping of SrTiO 3 thin films.
Using neutron reflectometry and resonant x-ray techniques we studied the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) in superlattices composed of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 and ferromagnetic-metallic La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 or ferromagnetic-insulating LaMnO(3+δ). We find that the MPE strongly depends on the electronic state of the manganite layers, being pronounced for the ferromagnetic-metallic La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and almost absent for ferromagnetic-insulating LaMnO(3+δ). We also detail the change of the magnetic depth profile due to the MPE and provide evidence for its intrinsic nature.
With pulsed laser deposition we have grown c-axis oriented thin films of the nominal composition LaMnO 3 (LMO) on LSAT(001) substrates. We find that, depending on the oxygen background pressure during growth, the LMO films contain sizeable amounts of La and/or Mn vacancies that strongly influence their electronic and magnetic properties. Specifically, we show that the Mn/La ratio can be systematically varied from 0.92 at 0.11 mbar to 1.09 at 0.30 mbar of oxygen.These cationic vacancies lead to markedly different disorder effects that become most pronounced once the samples are fully oxygenated and thus strongly hole doped. All as-grown and thus slightly oxygen deficient LMO films are ferromagnetic insulators with saturation moments in excess of 2.5 Bper Mn ion, their transport and optical properties can be understood in terms of trapped ferromagnetic polarons. Upon oxygen annealing, the most La-deficient films develop a metallic response with an 39
Heteroepitaxial superlattices of [YBa2Cu3O7(n)/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3(m)]x (YBCO/LCMO), where n and m are the number of YBCO and LCMO monolayers and x the number of bilayer repetitions, have been grown with pulsed laser deposition on NdGaO3 (110) and Sr0.7La0.3Al0.65Ta0.35O3 (LSAT) (001). These substrates are well lattice matched with YBCO and LCMO and, unlike the commonly used SrTiO3, they do not give rise to complex and uncontrolled strain effects at low temperature. The growth dynamics and the structure have been studied in-situ with reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex-situ with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x-ray diffraction and neutron reflectometry. The individual layers are found to be flat and continuous over long lateral distances with sharp and coherent interfaces and with a well-defined thickness of the individual layer. The only visible defects are antiphase boundaries in the YBCO layers that originate from perovskite unit cell height steps at the interfaces with the LCMO layers. We also find that the first YBCO monolayer at the interface with LCMO has an unusual growth dynamics and is lacking the CuO chain layer while the subsequent YBCO layers have the regular Y-123 structure. Accordingly, the CuO2 bilayers at both the LCMO/YBCO and the YBCO/LCMO interfaces are lacking one of their neighboring CuO chain layers and thus half of their hole doping reservoir. Nevertheless, from electric transport measurements on a superlattice with n=2 we obtain evidence that the interfacial CuO2 bilayers remain conducting and even exhibit the onset of a superconducting transition at very low temperature. Finally, we show from dc magnetization and neutron reflectometry measurements that the LCMO layers are strongly ferromagnetic.
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