The method for the choice of rational regimes of traffic light control is developed based on the minimization of the number of violations the requirements of traffic light signals by pedestrians depending on the volume-capacity ratio of traffic lanes and control of vehicular queue on the approach to the stop-line. Assessment of rationality is carried out considering the simultaneous impact of such factors as roadway volume-capacity ratio, traffic light restrictive signal duration, the number of violations of the traffic rules by pedestrians, and maximal queue length of vehicles. The model of the change of the number of violations of the rules of crossing the roadway by pedestrians depending on the volume-capacity ratio of different intersection types is developed in this paper. The model of determining the maximal vehicular queue length before intersections depending on the volume-capacity ratio and the share of the restrictive signal on the lane in the control cycle is developed. Recommendations about the choice of rational regimes of traffic light control depending on traffic delay, planning parameters of the road network, and pedestrian behavior are proposed.
A bus seat needs to be designed ergonomically for better seating comfort. The present study is intended to develop a cost-effective ergonomic bus seat design based on seat comfort and safety demands. As part of the proposed seat design procedure, seating comfort analysis, identifying preferred design features, and developing a seat design are included. An analysis of the bus seat back and seat pan profiles was conducted. Based on the results of the comfort analysis, the authors identified the preferred design features of bus seats during the design identification process. An improved bus seat prototype was developed based on selected design features in the design development stage. Seating comfort analyses were used to compare the achieved seat with the reference seat. The seat design developed in the present study may be applicable for various types of bus public transport.
Currently, reflecting systems are widely used in heating equipment, solar engineering structures and acoustic structures. Here, constructions based on classical curves do serve in reflectors. The reflection trajectories represent such curves as podera, orthotomic and caustic paths. Research goal to find an analytical description of the threecentred curve, its podera and orthotomics, and to build a reflecting geometric model of the existing this arch. Such curves' analytical description has been carried out using analytical geometry on the plane. First, we derived podera and orthotomics formulas for a circle, and then for the threecentred arch properly. For the geometric modeling of reflected sound waves in the threecentred arch, we selected the existing arch, this one of the Yusupov Palace Trapeznaja Palata. The subject arch graphic representation has been build in the AutoCAD editor, including the structure of arch properly, its podera, orthotomics and caustic for its threecentred part. Results obtained actually affirmed the proficient acoustic phenomena knowledge appropriate to the ancient architects capable to apply correctly in practice their skills.
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