We provide what we believe to be the first experimental demonstration of linear Shockley-like surface states in an optically induced semi-infinite photonic superlattice. Such surface states appear only when the induced superlattice consisting of alternating strong and weak bonds is terminated properly at the surface. Our experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis.

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We measured the ground-state static electric-dipole polarizabilities of Cs, Rb, and K atoms using a three-nanograting Mach-Zehnder atom beam interferometer. Our measurements provide benchmark tests for atomic structure calculations and thus test the underlying theory used to interpret atomic parity non-conservation experiments. We measured αCs = 4π 0 × 59.39(9)Å 3 , α Rb = 4π 0 × 47.39(8)Å 3 , and αK = 4π 0 × 42.93(7)Å 3 . In atomic units, these measurements are αCs = 401.2(7), α Rb = 320.1(6), and αK = 290.0(5). We report ratios of polarizabilities αCs/α Rb = 1.2532(10), αCs/αK = 1.3834(9), and α Rb /αK = 1.1040(9) with smaller fractional uncertainty because the systematic errors for individual measurements are largely correlated. Since Cs atom beams have short de Broglie wavelengths, we developed measurement methods that do not require resolved atom diffraction. Specifically, we used phase choppers to measure atomic beam velocity distributions, and we used electric field gradients to give the atom interference pattern a phase shift that depends on atomic polarizability.

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Tune-out wavelengths measured with an atom interferometer are sensitive to laboratory rotation rates because of the Sagnac effect, vector polarizability, and dispersion compensation. We observed shifts in measured tune-out wavelengths as large as 213 pm with a potassium atom beam interferometer, and we explore how these shifts can be used for an atom interferometer gyroscope.