The article considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of chemical reagents by treating inhibited solutions with a magnetic field. It is shown that a various method for generating the magnetic field has a different effect (Some positive some negative). The best results can be achieved with anti-scale magnetic treatment using permanent magnets. Modified inhibitors (after magnetic treatment) have enhanced protective effectby their adsorption capacity with respect to metal increases.
During the primary treatment of oil, gas and water, complications arise associated with the presence of hard water-oil emulsions, which cause an increase in fluid pressure in the gathering systems, pipeline damage, as well as difficulties in gas separation and preliminary water discharge at the preliminary discharge unit (PRU). Additional problems arise during transportation of highly paraffinic oils associated with the crystallization of paraffin in the flow path of the oilfield equipment and on the inner surface of pipes, leading to a drop in the productivity of pipelines. Article discusses the technology of magnetic-reagent treatment of water-oil media, which allows intensifying the processes of primary oil treatment at the facilities of its production. Bench and pilot tests have shown the ability of the magnetic field to accelerate oil demulsification processes, increasing the percentage of separated water during subsequent settling, and to reduce asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) on the inner surface of oil and gas field equipment. Mechanism of the magnetic field effect on water-oil media is described. Effect of treatment on the integrity of the armour shells of oil-water emulsions was studied. Various modes of magnetic treatment have been investigated with evaluation of its effectiveness. It is shown that the best effect is achieved with the combined use of reagents and a magnetic field. Synergistic effect is observed, which consists in increasing their effectiveness. This made it possible to conclude that this method can be applied to reduce the consumption of reagents used in oil production while maintaining the treatment efficiency.
The article investigates the main problem of the standard water treatment system which requires high consumption of reagents and the need to systematically select the optimal dosage (depending on the changeable environmental conditions). The proposed technology of magnetic-reagent treatment of water allows intensifying the stage of reagent treatment. With the implementation of this technology the costs for the reconstruction of the object will not be significant. Bench and test-industrial tests at oil contaminated and drinking water treatment facilities showed the effectiveness of the proposed method, caused by a decrease in time of gravitational separation of coagulated globules and a reduction in the reagent consumption. It is shown that the proposed technology can be considered both as an upgrade of existing water treatment stations operating under a typical scheme, and in the design of new facilities.
Based on a review of the literature, it is shown that there are a large number of qualified specialists in the cultivation of microalgae to absorb carbon dioxide in the country, despite the apparent complexity of this method in comparison with the method of injecting it into the layer. Since the absorption by microalgae of the genus chlorella occurs using the energy of sunlight, then with a sufficient amount of it, emissions of additional carbon dioxide are dispensed with. This technology, like no other, depends on climatic conditions: in a climate with an average annual temperature below 0 °C, algae cultivation is impractical, here the only acceptable technology is carbon dioxide liquefaction and its injection into the layer. In a temperate climate, where the largest number of enterprises and cities in Europe and Russia are located, it is necessary to alternate technologies, that is, in summer, cultivate large areas of chlorella according to the technology proposed in the article, and in winter, reduce the area and pump some of carbon dioxide into storage.
The circulating water of the cooling systems of petrochemical enterprises has a number of special features: the temperature of cooling water is in the range of 14-28 °С all year round, the evaporation of water in cooling towers increases the concentration of dissolved salts. Inevitable ingress of hydrocarbons, dosing of corrosion inhibitors, scaling, reagents for dispersing and softening of the water creates favorable conditions for micro- and macroorganisms development. Existing standards stipulate that the number of viable bacterial cells in planktonic form should not exceed 10 cells/ml, the number of bacteria in the adhered form is not regulated, nevertheless these organisms in particular lead to biocorrosion. During the assessing of the biological degradation of water cycle equipment materials, it was studied the micro- and macroorganisms that populate the surface of steel samples 20. Studies of the effect of this bacteria on the corrosion of steel 20 showed that this whole complex of micro- and macroorganisms, releasing metabolites into the water, also indirectly affects the processes of corrosion, and when choosing protection methods, it is necessary to take into account not only the presence and types of bacteria, but also the entire local biocenosis.
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