Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) reflects porous system ability to transfer water in the soilplant system. The study aimed to measure Ks through two distinct techniques. One of them was carried out in the laboratory by applying the constant-head cylinder method (CHC) in undisturbed samples, herein referred to as a standard technique. The other consisted of a simplified falling-head technique to measure Ks in situ (SFH), as proposed by Bagarello et al. (2004). We also verified the correlations of the obtained Ks values with other soil physical properties. SFH method is simpler, faster and does not require sophisticated equipment, which can be executed directly in the field. The experiment was conducted in the city of Floresta (PR), Brazil, at Cocamar Technology Diffusion Unit. It consisted of four treatments: maize-crop interrow without recent machine traffic (MI), maize-crop interrow traveled by a harvester (MIT), maize-crop row (MR) and its relative position to brachiaria crop row sown in consortium, and in maize-crop interrow (BR). In each treatment, 10 sampling points were defined (repetitions), where Ks was determined by SFH and an undisturbed sample was taken to measure Ks in the laboratory. Ks values measured by methodological approaches were compared through the following statistical indices, with their respective results: Willmott's concordance index (0.944), maximum error (1.269) and mean absolute error (0.291), square root of normalized mean error (0.45), determination coefficient (0.88), residual mass coefficient (0.07), efficiency coefficient (0.72), performance index (0.80), and Pearson's correlation (0.85). A high agreement was found between the studied techniques, with measured values close to each other. Notably, we must give emphasis on SFH since it had a variation coefficient 1.4 times lower than the standard technique.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial de extratos oriundos de plantas medicinais (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Equisetum arvense L. e Moringa oleifera Lam.) e produtos comerciais (a base de extratos vegetais, óleos vegetais e fosfito de potássio) no controle in vitro de Diplocarpon rosae. Avaliou-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o fitopatógeno pelo índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial, inibição do crescimento micelial, inibição da esporulação, índice de esporulação, síntese de proteínas, a atividade específica de peroxidase e catalase no micélio do fitopatógeno, utilizando extrato bruto aquoso (EBA) de folhas de R. officinalis (1%); EBA de caules de E. arvense (1%); EBA de sementes de M. oleifera (1%); produto comercial a base de extratos vegetais fermentados (0,01%); produto comercial a base de fosfito de potássio (0,01%); produto comercial a base de óleos vegetais (0,01%); produto a base de massa cítrica (0,01%); fungicida a Simon; J.M.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Jardinetti, V.A.; Oliva, L.S.C.; Silva, J.B.; Scarabeli, I.G.R. Atividade fungitóxica de extratos vegetais e produtos comerciais contra Diplocarpon rosae. Summa Phytopathologica, v.42, n.4, p.351-356, 2016. Palavras ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to verify the potential of extracts derived from medicinal plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Equisetum arvense L. and Moringa oleifera Lam.) and commercial products (based on plant extracts, plant oil and potassium phosphite) on the in vitro control of Diplocarpon rosae. The effect of treatments on the phytopathogen was evaluated according to the mycelial growth speed rate, mycelial growth inhibition, sporulation inhibition, sporulation rate, protein synthesis, and peroxidase and catalase specific activity on the mycelium of the phytopathogen, using aqueous crude extract (ACE) of R. officinalis leaves (1%); ACE of E. arvense stems (1%); ACE of M. oleifera seeds (1%); commercial product based on fermented plant extracts (0.01%); commercial product based on potassium phosphite (0.01%); commercial product based on plant oil (0.01%); product based on citrus mass (0.01%); fungicide based on Simon; J.M.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Jardinetti, V.A.; Oliva, L.S.C.; Silva, J.B.; Scarabeli, I.G.R. Fungitoxic activity of plant extracts and commercial products against Diplocarpon rosae. Summa Phytopathologica, v.42, n.4, p.351-356, 2016. thiophanate methyl (0.007%); and adjuvant (0.0025%) in PDA and PD media. Results showed a higher reduction in the growth of D. rosae in the presence of commercial product based on plant oils. The ACE of E. arvense and the commercial product based on fermented plant extracts exhibited anti-sporulant effect. Treatments with ACE of R. officinalis, ACE of E. arvense, ACE of M. oleifera, commercial product based on plant oil and product based on citrus mass increased protein synthesis in D. rosae mycelium. There was increased specific activity of the enzymes peroxidase and catalase in the mycelium in the presence of ACE of R. officinalis and commercial product based on...