This study aims to study Kazakhstan’s regions and identify places with the best potential for developing smart cities based on cluster analysis. To analyze the differentiation by the level of development, 17 regions of Kazakhstan are grouped according to 2020 data from the statistical bulletin of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The formation of groups of regions with different values of indicators was carried out based on agglomerative clustering using the single linkage, complete linkage, and Ward’s clustering methods. In agglomerative clustering, the algorithm groups regions based on observations into clusters, and indicators determine each area’s innovative development level. The instrument to build clustering is the “RStudio” software package. As a result, regions with their essential characteristics were identified, and an assessment of their prospects was obtained with the most significant potential for developing and managing “smart cities” – Atyrau region, Almaty city, and Astana city. The remaining clusters include regions where favorable conditions for the development of innovations have not yet been formed, which require more resources and efforts to build “smart cities.” Therefore, they should not be the first to implement this concept. They need a more balanced, integrated approach, ideally supported by experience in implementing the idea in more promising regions. In a sense, clustering also allowed for identifying potential (or even existing) innovation clusters in regions of Kazakhstan. The study results can be used in developing government programs to form smart cities and further study the potential of smart cities.
The problem domain of the research covers the consideration and analysis of the personal safety assurance of citizens of contemporary Kazakhstan society. The current work is aimed at revealing, studying and theoretical conceptualization of information on personal safety as an indicator of population living standards. To achieve the goal of the research the following common scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, methods of comparison, functional and logical analysis, and methods of applied researches. The work presents the retrospective analysis of the “personal safety” notion, systematizes the existing approaches to the investigation of the essence that allowed revealing its main components. The work considers personal safety as one of the basic needs of humans that affects the population living standards. Within this context, the existing methods of population living standards assessment considering the personal safety factors were analyzed. Basing on the considered methods and research results of the international organizations, the comparative analysis of indicators related to personal safety in Kazakhstan and OECD countries was conducted on different indexes. The conducted comparisons allowed providing some assessment of the personal safety state of Kazakhstan citizens. Also, using the method of the linear combination of particular indicators to the integrated indicator the authors have calculated the indicator of economic safety of the population for the Almaty region that covers the personal safety indicators. The authors show the advantages and disadvantages of the applied method and provide recommendations on its application at different levels. The conclusions of the research can be taken as a base for an in-depth study on measuring the indicators of population personal safety in the context of living standards assurance.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the spread of corruption in Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is due to the need to provide analytical support to the national anti-corruption policy. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the spread of corruption and assess the current situation based on the analysis of criminal statistics on acts of corruption, as well as international indices for assessing the corruption potential and the results of sociological studies of corruption in Kazakhstan. The article uses a systematic approach to the analysis of the prevalence of corruption, based on the use of quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The analysis was carried out by regions and by levels of government, by specific government institutions and individual areas of social activity. The results of the study present an assessment of the current state of corruption in Kazakhstan with the definition of corruption trends in the sectoral and regional context and may be of interest to a wide range of people interested in this topic.
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