The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and semivolatile compounds of Conyza bonariensis L. leave extract and fractions are discussed. A methanolic crude extract was obtained through maceration, and subsequently, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were collected using a solvent-solvent partition. Total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity assays were performed in an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and the results were expressed as Gallic Acid, Quercetin, and Trolox equivalents respectively. The findings achieved indicate that ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity (90.69±3.16%) at 500 µg mL-1, and reduced the ferric tripyridyltriazine complex (Fe3+-TPTZ) with values between 19.68 and 2,355.37 mg Trolox equivalent (TE) g-1. It was identified 28 phytoconstituents through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction could be correlated mostly to the presence of eugenol, trans-isoeugenol, lucenin-2, methyl salicylate, and syringic acid. This study reveals that the ethyl acetate fraction could be used as a good source of antioxidants for health benefits.
The trans-zeatin and other phytohormones are used as growth regulators to be induced in plants. Their presence has been determined in corn grains and some plant species, but not in their waste or liquid organic fertilizers, so the objective of this investigation was to quantify the compound by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ethanol extracts of corn waste and bioinsumos were prepared. Were identified by thin layer chromatography on aluminum chromatoplates Merck 60 F254 10x10cm as stationary phase and methanolacetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phase. Their quantification was performed by HPLC on a C18 column, 250mm x 4 mm (5 μm), and methanol-water (40:60) acidified 5% acetic acid as mobile phase, 0.8 mL.min-1 flow rate and wavelength of 280 ηm. The extract of corn grains was taken as control. Statistical analysis to validate the results obtained was performed in the InfoStac software. The control sample was found to have the highest concentration of trans-zeatin (0.730 mg / g). These results have not been referenced in the literature and allow adding ecological and economic utility of this type of agricultural waste.
La Acanthophora spicifera un alga roja de fácil adaptación a diferentes condiciones ambientales, por su capacidad de regenerarse por fragmentación, convirtiéndola en una especie invasora en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. Además, es conocida por sus componentes bioactivos (antioxidantes, fitohormonas, fitopigmentos). En este estudio se plantea determinar las condiciones óptimas de extracción de compuestos antioxidantes de la macroalga que crece en la zona intermareal de la playa de San Pedro de la provincia de Santa Elena, en dos procesos de secado (horno y liofilización) y extracción etanólica (digestión y ultrasonido) a diferentes concentraciones de etanol (50% y 70%) en rangos de tiempo y temperatura para su posterior determinación de actividad antioxidante por los métodos DPPH, ABTS, fenoles, flavonoides y auxinas totales en microplacas. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) usando el software estadístico R.4.2.0 e InfoStat, observan que los mejores resultados se dieron por digestión con una concentración de etanol al 50% y se obtuvieron valores para: la actividad captadora de radicales DPPH 3.65±0.011 µmol ET/g ps, mayor actividad inhibidora del radical catiónico ABTS 14.06±0.03 µmol ET/g ps, para flavonoides 1278.58±2.94 µg EQ/g ps, para fenoles 900±0.129 µg GEA/g ps. Las condiciones óptimas para la extracción etanolica de la macroalga A. spicifera., fueron 47 °C y 47 minutos para la actividad captadora de radicales DPPH y 47 °C y 39 minutos para la actividad inhibidora del radical catiónico ABTS, 45 °C y 37 minutos para Fenoles totales y 43 °C y 38 minutos para Flavonoides totales. Palabras clave: actividad antioxidante, Acanthophora spicifera, optimización
Lignocellulosic materials have garnered significant attention in recent years to generate biomaterials, but nothing has been investigated with cacao residues of significant importance in Ecuador. This study's objective was to generate porous, three-dimensional sponges from cacao pod shell mesocarp with potential use in biomaterial application. Discs from the mesocarp of cacao pod shells were subjected to neutral, acid, and alkaline treatments, at 25oC and 100oC, followed by washing and lyophilization. Sponge composition was evaluated, with the alkaline treatment resulting in the highest cellulose content and the lowest percentage of lignin, with the removal of hemicellulose corroborated by FITR. The sponges presented high water absorption capacities, which increased with the treatment temperature; mainly, the alkaline generated structures had the largest capacity. The sponges' porosity also depended on the treatment, with the acid and alkaline treatments generating larger pores, which significantly grew with treatment temperature. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity tests were carried out using Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells, according to ISO 10993.5.2009, with none of the materials being cytotoxic; however, those with greater lignin contents resulted in lower cell viability. In general, it is considered that the alkaline generated sponges presented the more significant potential for biomaterial applications, which could be further tested with In vitro cell proliferation and differentiation studies and possible in vivo assays.
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